A bi-objective two-echelon pollution routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery under multiple time windows constraint

Paul, Arjun; Kumar, Ravi Shankar; Rout, Chayanika; Goswami, Adrijit

doi:10.1007/s12597-020-00481-6

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…Subsequently, different approaches have been proposed taking into consideration traffic conditions [38], refrigerated vehicles for perishable-product delivery [39], refueling stations and multiple depots [40], fleets with electric and regular vehicles with the aim of minimizing the cost of recharging and fuel consumption [41] and minimizing fuel consumption [42]. Paul et al [43] used an algorithm to examine the routing problem by considering twoechelon along the transportation chain and heterogenous vehicles to minimize travel time, fuel consumption and overall carbon emissions. Xue [44] focused on a similar problem and evaluated delivery routes to calculate fuel and carbon emissions and costs, whereas the study by McLeod et al [45] analyzed the last-mile delivery of diverse modes of transportation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of GHG Emission from Cargo Vehicles in Megacities: The Case of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico

et al. 2023

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Cities consume most of the energy used worldwide and are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that cause global warming, mainly from the road transport sector. In megacities, the light vehicle fleet is responsible for most of the emissions in the sector. Among this fleet, light commercial vehicles (CVs), which have grown to support instant delivery services demand, are also responsible for emissions and traffic congestion. Due to the urgency to reduce transport impacts, emission mitigation strategies are required. Aligned with this aim, this article evaluates GHG emissions along the entire process of energy production, called the operating trajectory, and also known as Well-To-Wheel (WTW), in four combinations of transportation modes for last-mile delivery services, using light CVs, such as electric or diesel vans, and electric cargo bikes (E-bikes). The analysis is firstly conducted in a local area of Mexico City and subsequently compared to other countries around the world. In this respect, the main result of this article shows that in the case study conducted in the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico, the energy consumption of a given route for an electric van combined with E-bikes generates 24% less GHG emissions than a diesel van combined with E-bikes. Therefore, the achievement of effective mitigation strategies for GHG emissions reduction through vehicle electrification requires WTW emission analysis and quantification, optimal route design, a combination of sustainable transport modes and clean energy generation.

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