A Bi-Level Programming Model for Energy and Flexiramp Procurement in Day-ahead Market and a Fuzzy Max-Min Approach for its Solution

Abstract

In this paper, we focus on solving the integrated energy and exiramp procurement problem in the day-ahead market. The problem of energy and ramp procurement could be perfectly analyzed through Stackelberg concept because of its hierarchical nature of decision-making process. Such a circumstance was modeled via a bi-level programming in which suppliers acted as leaders and the Independent System Operator (ISO) was the follower. The ISO intended to minimize energy and spinning reserve procurement cost, and the suppliers aimed to maximize their pro t. To solve the proposed model, a fuzzy max-min approach was applied to maximizing the utilities of players. The objectives and dynamic o ers of suppliers, determined with regard to the market clearing prices, were reformulated through fuzzy utility functions. The proposed approach is an e ective and simple alternative to the Karush Kuhn Tucker (KKT) method, especially for non-convex problems at lower levels.

Optimal configuration of a wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen-gas-electric vehicles integrated energy system considering multiple uncertainties and carbon reduction

“…In addition, a bilevel programming model for multi-regional IES was developed by solving the real-time pricing to maximize social welfare [36]. A bi-level programming model for integrated energy was developed to maximize the utilities of the players by a fuzzy max-min approach [37]. Recent research on optimizing the capacity configuration of IESs is summarized in Table 1.…”

“…The output thermal power of WHB and GB should satisfy the power required by the thermal load: = WHB GB EB HL P P P P  (37) where HL P represents the heat load; WHB P , GB P and EB P represent the output power of WHB , GB and EB .…”