A bHLH transcriptional network regulating the specification of retinal ganglion cells

Matter-Sadzinski, Lidia; Puzianowska-Kuźnicka, Monika; Hernandez, Julio; Ballivet, Marc; Matter, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1242/dev.01960

Cited by 61 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…3C,D). Consistent with the fact that NGN2 activates transcription of the Atoh7 gene (Hufnagel et al, 2010;Matter-Sadzinski et al, 2005;SkowronskaKrawczyk et al, 2009), Ngn2 expression was also delayed in pigeon (Fig. 3E).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In the current animal models, RGCs are the first neurons to be born and they appear shortly after the formation of the optic cup. In chick, the first Atoh7-expressing cells and the first RGCs with growing axons are detected at E2 and E2.5, respectively (Goldberg and Coulombre, 1972;Matter-Sadzinski et al, 2005;McCabe et al, 1999;Prada et al, 1991), whereas in pigeon they were detected at E5 and E5.5, respectively (Fig. 3A).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Delayed neurogenesis with respect to eye growth shapes the pigeon retina for high visual acuity

et al. 2016

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The macula and fovea located at the optical centre of the retina make primate visual perception unique among mammals. Our current understanding of retina ontogenesis is primarily based on animal models having no macula and no fovea. However, the pigeon retina and the human macula share a number of structural and functional properties that justify introducing the former as a new model system for retina development. Comparative transcriptome analysis of pigeon and chicken retinas at different embryonic stages reveals that the genetic programmes underlying cell differentiation are postponed in the pigeon until the end of the period of cell proliferation. We show that the late onset of neurogenesis has a profound effect on the developmental patterning of the pigeon retina, which is at odds with the current models of retina development. The uncoupling of tissue growth and neurogenesis is shown to result from the fact that the pigeon retinal epithelium is inhibitory to cell differentiation. The sum of these developmental features allows the pigeon to build a retina that displays the structural and functional traits typical of primate macula and fovea.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Delayed neurogenesis with respect to eye growth shapes the pigeon retina for high visual acuity

et al. 2016

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“…However, by analogy with other developmental systems in which mechanisms of cell fate specification have been analysed in depth, such as specification of the endomesoderm in sea urchin embryos or DV patterning in Drosophila embryos (Levine and Davidson, 2005), this step is likely to involve the activation of numerous downstream transcription factors, the expression of which is stabilised through the formation of a regulatory network, which in turn promotes the differentiation of committed neuronal progenitors. Support for this model comes from studies in the developing retina, cerebral cortex and spinal cord, where Ngn2 regulates the expression of multiple genes that encode transcription factors of the bHLH, T-box and Sox families, which have been implicated in neuronal differentiation (Bergsland et al, 2006;Kanekar et al, 1997;Matter-Sadzinski et al, 2005;Schuurmans et al, 2004) (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal specification of neural fates by transcription factor codes

Guillemot¹

2007

Development

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The vertebrate central nervous system contains a great diversity of neurons and glial cells, which are generated in the embryonic neural tube at specific times and positions. Several classes of transcription factors have been shown to control various steps in the differentiation of progenitor cells in the neural tube and to determine the identity of the cells produced. Recent evidence indicates that combinations of transcription factors of the homeodomain and basic helix-loop-helix families establish molecular codes that determine both where and when the different kinds of neurons and glial cells are generated. IntroductionA multitude of neurons of different types, as well as oligodendrocytes and astrocytes (see Box 1), are generated as the vertebrate central nervous system develops. These different neural cells are generated at defined times and positions by multipotent progenitors located in the walls of the embryonic neural tube. Progenitors located in the ventral neural tube at spinal cord level first produce motor neurons, which innervate skeletal muscles and later produce oligodendrocytes (Fig. 1). The first cells produced by progenitors at more dorsal or ventral positions in the spinal cord are interneurons of different classes. The generation of a particular class of neuron or glial cell from a multipotent progenitor is a complex process that can be subdivided into a series of sequential steps ( Fig. 2A,B). First, progenitor cells acquire unique positional identities through a process of spatial patterning of the neural primordium. Thus, progenitors in the ventral spinal cord that produce motor neurons and oligodendrocytes acquire a distinct identity from that of progenitors in the dorsal spinal cord or brain. Multipotent progenitors then produce daughter progenitor cells that are restricted to produce only one of the primary neural cell types -neurons, oligodendrocytes or astrocytes -in a step called cell type selection or commitment. Committed neuronal progenitors also become specified to produce neurons of a particular kind, e.g. a particular class of motor neuron or interneuron, a step called subtype specification that is conceptually distinct from, but mechanistically tightly linked to, the step of cell type commitment, as we will see. Neuronal progenitors then stop dividing, migrate out of the progenitor zones they occupy (see Fig. 1B) and towards more differentiated areas of the neural tube. There they initiate a programme of terminal differentiation. Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and some types of neurons begin to migrate and differentiate while still dividing.The fact that particular classes of neurons and glial cells are produced only at particular locations in the embryonic neural tube suggests that the mechanisms that govern spatial patterning and the acquisition of diverse cell fates are linked. Moreover, neurons and glial cells are produced in a defined order (first neurons, then oligodendrocytes, then astrocytes), and different classes of neurons originating from the same progenitors are al...

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“…Recently, an interactive network of activator-and inhibitor-type bHLH genes has been described that tightly regulates the proliferation and differentiation of retinal ganglion cells. (109) Specifically, this interaction is mediated with paralogs of two inner ear bHLH genes, Neurog2 and Atoh7 (formerly Math5). It appears that Atoh7 is more profoundly affected by high levels of Hes, possibly through an inhibitory action of Hes homodimers on N-boxes in its promoter region (Fig.…”

Section: Forming the Right Number Of Hair Cells: Complex Regulations mentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular basis of neurosensory cell formation in ear development: a blueprint for hair cell and sensory neuron regeneration?

2006

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SummaryThe inner ear of mammals uses neurosensory cells derived from the embryonic ear for mechanoelectric transduction of vestibular and auditory stimuli (the hair cells) and conducts this information to the brain via sensory neurons. As with most other neurons of mammals, lost hair cells and sensory neurons are not spontaneously replaced and result instead in age-dependent progressive hearing loss. We review the molecular basis of neurosensory development in the mouse ear to provide a blueprint for possible enhancement of therapeutically useful transformation of stem cells into lost neurosensory cells. We identify several readily available adult sources of stem cells that express, like the ectoderm-derived ear, genes known to be essential for ear development. Use of these stem cells combined with molecular insights into neurosensory cell specification and proliferation regulation of the ear, might allow for neurosensory regeneration of mammalian ears in the near future.

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A bHLH transcriptional network regulating the specification of retinal ganglion cells

Cited by 61 publications

References 54 publications

Delayed neurogenesis with respect to eye growth shapes the pigeon retina for high visual acuity

Delayed neurogenesis with respect to eye growth shapes the pigeon retina for high visual acuity

Spatial and temporal specification of neural fates by transcription factor codes

The molecular basis of neurosensory cell formation in ear development: a blueprint for hair cell and sensory neuron regeneration?

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