A beta distribution-based moment closure enhances the reliability of trait-based aggregate models for natural populations and communities

Klauschies, Toni; Coutinho, Renato Mendes; Gaedke, Ursula

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.02.001

Cited by 22 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Gause's Principle of Competitive Exclusion [18] articulates an ecological view of coexistence of competitors that appears inconsistent with the diversity maintained in plankton [20]. Eco-evolutionary approaches have contributed some interesting modifications to traditional ecological modelling approaches in which the traits of populations are fixed [1,22,35,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An eco-evolutionary system with naturally bounded traits

Cropp

Norbury

2019

Theor Ecol

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We consider eco-evolutionary processes that include natural bounds on adaptive trait distributions. We implement ecological axioms, that a population grows if it is replete with resources, and doesn't grow if it has none. These axioms produce natural bounds on the trait means that suggest that the assumption of gamma-distributed traits, where the trait variance is a function of the trait mean, is more appropriate than the usual assumption of normally distributed traits, where the trait variance is independent of the trait mean. We use a Lotka-Volterra model to simulate two plant populations, whose trait means evolve according to an evolutionary model, to simulate populations adapting during invasions. The results of our model simulations using gammadistributed traits suggest that adapting populations may endure bottlenecks by increasing their fitness and recovering from near extinction to stably coexist. The inclusion of eco-evolutionary processes into ecosystem models generates K * theory which predicts the long term states of populations that make it through evolutionary bottlenecks. Otherwise, the final states of populations that do not make it through bottlenecks are predicted by the non-evolutionary R * theory. Keywords eco-evolutionary modelling • K * theory • gamma-distribution • trait variance • fitness • coexistence • competition • invasion

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An eco-evolutionary system with naturally bounded traits

Cropp

Norbury

2019

Theor Ecol

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“…Preserving functional diversity is essential for the functioning of ecosystems [Tilman, 2001, Hooper et al, 2005 and their persistence in the face of accelerated global change [Duraiappah et al, 2005]. Recent studies have shown that locally (i.e., in a specific habitat), its maintenance may strongly rely on the immigration of novel phenotypes [Norberg et al, 2001, Norberg, 2004, Klauschies et al, 2018. However, these studies do not explicitly account for the spatial context and, thus, potential interactions between regional and local functional diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with a common handling time h. Following the aggregate model approach, the average of a function f (φ) (where f can be any of r, G A , g, or a) across the trait distribution is approximated up to the second order [Norberg et al, 2001, Klauschies et al, 2018:…”

Section: Local Biomass and Trait Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) accounts for stabilizing or disruptive selection (reducing or enhancing ν, respectively), whereas the term including the local fitness gradient captures enhancing or reducing effects on ν through potential skewness of the trait distribution [Klauschies et al, 2018]. The latter keeps the mean trait in the range [0 : 1] by reducing ν (and thereby halting evolution in φ) whenφ approaches the limits of the trait range.…”

Section: Local Biomass and Trait Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(11)) [cf. Norberg et al, 2001, Klauschies et al, 2018. The evolution of the resident mean trait value is affected by the difference between mean trait values of resident and incoming biomass as well as by the ratio of incoming to resident biomass.…”

Section: Spatial Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-organized pattern formation increases functional diversity

Huelsemann

Klauschies

Guill

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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Self-organized formation of spatial patterns is known from a variety of different ecosystems, yet little is known how these patterns affect functional diversity of local and regional communities. Here we use a food chain model in which autotroph diversity is described by a continuous distribution of a trait that affects both growth rate and defense against a heterotroph. On a single patch, stabilizing selection always promotes the dominance of a single autotroph species. Two alternative community states, with either defended or undefended species, are possible. In a metacommunity context, dispersal can destabilize these states, and complex spatio-temporal patterns emerge. This creates varying selection pressures on the local autotroph communities, which feed back on the trait dynamics. Local functional diversity increases ten-fold compared to a situation without self-organized pattern formation, thereby maintaining the adaptive potential of communities in an environment threatened by fragmentation and global change.

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The emergence of heterotrophy in an eco-evolutionary model: modelling trophic transitions in a resource-based framework with naturally-bounded trait distributions

Cropp

Norbury

2019

Evol Ecol

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A plankton eco-evolutionary model with an alga that has the metabolic pathways to allow it to function as an autotroph or heterotroph is considered. Ecological constraints dictate that the traits that describe the feeding preferences and abilities of the alga naturally have bounded distributions. The trait distributions are then non-normal, and evolve with the population as it changes its trophic behaviour from an autotroph to a heterotroph. A key result of the simulations is that the populations remain in ecological stasis for many generations while the trait mean slowly adapts-only at the conclusion of this transition does herbivory emerge. After initially adapting to improve its competitive performance as an autotroph, the adapting population eventually emerges as a heterotroph having maximised its share of the resources at the expense of its prey, previously its competitor. Keywords eco-evolution • resource-based model • gamma-distributed traits • naturally-bounded traits 1 Introduction Predation is thought to have evolved many times, at different trophic levels, and is acknowledged as a strong evolutionary force that can shape ecosystems (Bengtson 2002). While it was originally assumed that evolutionary change in populations progressed at a much slower pace than changes due to interactions with their biotic and abiotic environment, the recent view is that evolution can progress rapidly, on similar time scales to ecological dynamics (Schoener 2011). Substantial evidence exists to support this view (Pelletier et al. 2009

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A beta distribution-based moment closure enhances the reliability of trait-based aggregate models for natural populations and communities

Cited by 22 publications

References 66 publications

An eco-evolutionary system with naturally bounded traits

An eco-evolutionary system with naturally bounded traits

Self-organized pattern formation increases functional diversity

The emergence of heterotrophy in an eco-evolutionary model: modelling trophic transitions in a resource-based framework with naturally-bounded trait distributions

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