A best practice framework to measure spatial variation in alcohol availability

Fry, Richard; Orford, Scott; Rodgers, Sarah; Morgan, Jennifer; Fone, David Lawrence

doi:10.1177/2399808318773761

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Researchers recently challenged the alcohol outlet density field to increase the rigor of their measurement methods (Gmel et al., ; Holmes et al., ), which sparked an interesting discussion about how to advance measurement in this area (Fry et al., ; Lu et al., ; Morrison et al., ). At a high level, all measurement methods aim to achieve a similar goal: to describe the spatial configuration of alcohol outlets.…”

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confidence: 99%

Methods for Evaluating the Association Between Alcohol Outlet Density and Violent Crime

Trangenstein

Curriero

Jennings

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background: The objective of this analysis was to compare measurement methods-counts, proximity, mean distance, and spatial access-of calculating alcohol outlet density and violent crime using data from Baltimore, Maryland.Methods: Violent crime data (n = 11,815) were obtained from the Baltimore City Police Department and included homicides, aggravated assaults, rapes, and robberies in 2016. We calculated alcohol outlet density and violent crime at the census block (CB) level (n = 13,016). We then weighted these CB-level measures to the census tract level (n = 197) and conducted a series of regressions. Negative binomial regression was used for count outcomes and linear regression for proximity and spatial access outcomes. Choropleth maps, partial R 2 , Akaike's Information Criterion, and root mean squared error guided determination of which models yielded lower error and better fit.Results: The inference depended on the measurement methods used. Eight models that used a count of alcohol outlets and/or violent crimes failed to detect an association between outlets and crime, and 3 other count-based models detected an association in the opposite direction. Proximity, mean distance, and spatial access methods consistently detected an association between outlets and crime and produced comparable model fits.Conclusions: Proximity, mean distance, and spatial access methods yielded the best model fits and had the lowest levels of error in this urban setting. Spatial access methods may offer conceptual strengths over proximity and mean distance. Conflicting findings in the field may be in part due to error in the way that researchers measure alcohol outlet density.

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confidence: 99%

Methods for Evaluating the Association Between Alcohol Outlet Density and Violent Crime

Trangenstein

Curriero

Jennings

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…This will help us identify where broader policy approaches can be taken and where more contextually specific policies will need to be implemented. 25 …”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods and code will be made available in future publications, and variations in terminology will be mapped out in a typology with definitions. This will help us identify where broader policy approaches can be taken and where more contextually specific policies will need to be implemented 25…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Built Environments And Child Health in WalEs and AuStralia (BEACHES): a study protocol

et al. 2022

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IntroductionChildhood obesity and physical inactivity are two of the most significant modifiable risk factors for the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Yet, a third of children in Wales and Australia are overweight or obese, and only 20% of UK and Australian children are sufficiently active. The purpose of the Built Environments And Child Health in WalEs and AuStralia (BEACHES) study is to identify and understand how complex and interacting factors in the built environment influence modifiable risk factors for NCDs across childhood.Methods and analysisThis is an observational study using data from five established cohorts from Wales and Australia: (1) Wales Electronic Cohort for Children; (2) Millennium Cohort Study; (3) PLAY Spaces and Environments for Children’s Physical Activity study; (4) The ORIGINS Project; and (5) Growing Up in Australia: the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. The study will incorporate a comprehensive suite of longitudinal quantitative data (surveys, anthropometry, accelerometry, and Geographic Information Systems data) to understand how the built environment influences children’s modifiable risk factors for NCDs (body mass index, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diet).Ethics and disseminationThis study has received the following approvals: University of Western Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (2020/ET000353), Ramsay Human Research Ethics Committee (under review) and Swansea University Information Governance Review Panel (Project ID: 1001). Findings will be reported to the following: (1) funding bodies, research institutes and hospitals supporting the BEACHES project; (2) parents and children; (3) school management teams; (4) existing and new industry partner networks; (5) federal, state and local governments to inform policy; as well as (6) presented at local, national and international conferences; and (7) disseminated by peer-reviewed publications.

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“…The access measures will represent people’s potential to visit GBS in their locality. We will adapt a previous methodology that modelled ‘change in alcohol outlet density and alcohol-related harm to population health’ (CHALICE) 60. The distance decay for this accessibility model will be updated to emulate how people engage with GBS as opposed to alcohol outlets.…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal access and exposure to green-blue spaces and individual-level mental health and well-being: protocol for a longitudinal, population-wide record-linked natural experiment

et al. 2019

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IntroductionStudies suggest that access and exposure to green-blue spaces (GBS) have beneficial impacts on mental health. However, the evidence base is limited with respect to longitudinal studies. The main aim of this longitudinal, population-wide, record-linked natural experiment, is to model the daily lived experience by linking GBS accessibility indices, residential GBS exposure and health data; to enable quantification of the impact of GBS on well-being and common mental health disorders, for a national population.Methods and analysisThis research will estimate the impact of neighbourhood GBS access, GBS exposure and visits to GBS on the risk of common mental health conditions and the opportunity for promoting subjective well-being (SWB); both key priorities for public health. We will use a Geographic Information System (GIS) to create quarterly household GBS accessibility indices and GBS exposure using digital map and satellite data for 1.4 million homes in Wales, UK (2008–2018). We will link the GBS accessibility indices and GBS exposures to individual-level mental health outcomes for 1.7 million people with general practitioner (GP) data and data from the National Survey for Wales (n=~12 000) on well-being in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We will examine if these associations are modified by multiple sociophysical variables, migration and socioeconomic disadvantage. Subgroup analyses will examine associations by different types of GBS. This longitudinal study will be augmented by cross-sectional research using survey data on self-reported visits to GBS and SWB.Ethics and disseminationAll data will be anonymised and linked within the privacy protecting SAIL Databank. We will be using anonymised data and therefore we are exempt from National Research Ethics Committee (NREC). An Information Governance Review Panel (IGRP) application (Project ID: 0562) to link these data has been approved.The research programme will be undertaken in close collaboration with public/patient involvement groups. A multistrategy programme of dissemination is planned with the academic community, policy-makers, practitioners and the public.

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A best practice framework to measure spatial variation in alcohol availability

Cited by 4 publications

References 57 publications

Methods for Evaluating the Association Between Alcohol Outlet Density and Violent Crime

Methods for Evaluating the Association Between Alcohol Outlet Density and Violent Crime

Built Environments And Child Health in WalEs and AuStralia (BEACHES): a study protocol

Longitudinal access and exposure to green-blue spaces and individual-level mental health and well-being: protocol for a longitudinal, population-wide record-linked natural experiment

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