A benchtop system for evaluation of pesticide disposal by composting

Petruska, J. A.; Mullins, Donald E.; Young, R. W.; Collins, E. R.

doi:10.1016/0191-815x(85)90076-2

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To detect the production of organic volatiles, we used two methods (1,48). The use of polyurethane foam containing activated charcoal as a trap appeared to be less sensitive than the 2-methoxyethanol purging method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralization of sulfonated azo dyes and sulfanilic acid by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Streptomyces chromofuscus

Paszczyński

Pasti-Grigsby

Goszczyński

et al. 1992

Appl Environ Microbiol

181

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Five "4C-radiolabeled azo dyes and sulfanilic acid were synthesized and used to examine the relationship between dye substitution patterns and biodegradability (mineralization to C02) by a white-rot fungus and an actinomycete. 4-Amino-[U-14Cjbenzenesulfonic acid and 4-(3-sulfo-4-aminophenylazo)-[U-'4Clbenzenesulfonic acid were used as representative compounds having sulfo groups or both sulfo and azo groups. Such compounds are not known to be present in the biosphere as natural products. The introduction of lignin-like fragments into the molecules of 4-amino-[U-14Clbenzenesulfonic acid and 4-(3-sulfo-4-aminophenylazo)-[U-14C]benzenesulfonic acid by coupling reactions with guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) resulted in the formation of the dyes 4-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)-[U-14C]benzenesulfonic acid and 4-(2-sulfo-3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-azobenzene4-azo)-[U-14Clbenzenesulfonic acid, respectively. The synthesis of acid azo dyes 4-(2hydroxy-l-naphthylazo)-[U-14Cjbenzenesulfonic acid and 4-(4-hydroxy-l-naphthylazo)-[U-_4C]benzenesulfonic acid also allowed the abilities of these microorganisms to mineralize these commercially important compounds to be evaluated. Phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized all of the sulfonated azo dyes, and the substitution pattern did not significantly influence the susceptibility of the dyes to degradation. In contrast, Streptomyces chromofuscus was unable to mineralize aromatics with sulfo groups and both sulfo and azo groups. However, it mediated the mineralization of modified dyes containing lignin-like substitution patterns. This work showed that lignocellulolytic fungi and bacteria can be used for the biodegradation of anionic azo dyes, which thus far have been considered among the xenobiotic compounds most resistant to biodegradation. Very specific structural changes in the azo dye molecules enhanced their biodegradability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement of organic volatile compounds. Either a char- (10 ml) was then added, and the counts per minute were measured (48).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralization of sulfonated azo dyes and sulfanilic acid by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Streptomyces chromofuscus

Paszczyński

Pasti-Grigsby

Goszczyński

et al. 1992

Appl Environ Microbiol

181

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“…In a study of a mixture of cattle manure and sawdust carried out by Petruska et al (29), about 50 and 21% of the insecticides chlordane ("4C labeled) and diazinon (14C-labeled), respectively, were recovered as volatile organic material by entrapment in polyurethane foam during 3 weeks of composting under aerobic conditions. In this study, the temperature of the compost was maintained at 35°C for the first 24 hours and then raised stepwise over 6 days to a final temperature of 65°C, which was maintained for the rest of the experiment.…”

Section: Volatilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous bench-scale systems have been developed (16,29). One fundamental difference between bench-and large-scale systems is the route of heat loss.…”

Section: Research Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological degradation of pesticides in yard waste composting.

Fogarty¹,

Tuovinen²

1991

Microbiological Reviews

101

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“…Over 30,000 tons of pesticides is used annually on lawns and gardens in the United States (1,27). Although there have been many studies on the degradation of pesticides in soils, very little research has been done on the fate of these compounds during the composting of yard trimmings (7,15,22). This knowledge is important, since many of the pesticides applied to leaves and grass are toxic and mutagenic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial degradation and humification of the lawn care pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid during the composting of yard trimmings

Michel

Reddy

Forney

1995

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The fate of the widely used lawn care herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) during the composting of yard trimmings consisting of primarily leaves and grass is an important unexplored question. In this study, we determined the extent of 2,4-D mineralization, incorporation into humic matter, volatilization, and sorption during the composting of yard trimmings. Yard trimmings (2:1 [wt/wt] leaves-grass) were amended with 14 C-ring-labeled 2,4-D (17 mg/kg of dry weight) and composted in a temperature-controlled laboratory scale compost system. During composting, thermophilic microbes were numerically dominant, reaching a maximum of 2 ؋ 10 11 /g. At the end of composting, 46% of the organic matter (OM) present in the yard trimmings was lost and the compost was stable, with an oxygen uptake rate of 0.09 mg of O 2 per g of OM per h, and was well humified (humification index, 0.39). Mineralization of the OM temporally paralleled mineralization of 2,4-D. In the final compost, 47% of the added 2,4-D carbon was mineralized, about 23% was complexed with high-molecular-weight humic acids, and about 20% was not extractable (humin fraction). Less than 1% of the added 14 C was present in water expressed from the finished compost, suggesting a low potential for leaching of 2,4-D. Very little volatilization of 2,4-D occurred during composting. It is of interest that our results indicate active mineralization of 2,4-D at composting temperatures of 60؇C because microbial 2,4-D degradation at thermophilic temperatures has not been previously documented.

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A benchtop system for evaluation of pesticide disposal by composting

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Mineralization of sulfonated azo dyes and sulfanilic acid by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Streptomyces chromofuscus

Mineralization of sulfonated azo dyes and sulfanilic acid by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Streptomyces chromofuscus

Microbiological degradation of pesticides in yard waste composting.

Microbial degradation and humification of the lawn care pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid during the composting of yard trimmings

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