A benchmark dataset of diurnal- and seasonal-scale radiation, heat, and CO₂ fluxes in a typical East Asian monsoon region

Abstract

Abstract. A benchmark dataset of radiation, heat, and CO2 fluxes is crucial to land–atmosphere interaction research. Due to rapid urbanization and the development of agriculture, the land–atmosphere interaction processes over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China, which is a typical East Asian monsoon region, are becoming various and complex. To understand the effects of various land cover changes on land–atmosphere interactions in this region, a comprehensive long-term (2011–2019) in situ observation campaign, including 30 min resolution meteorological variables (air temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, and wind direction), surface radiative flux, turbulent heat flux, and CO2 flux, was conducted at four sites with two typical surface types (i.e., croplands and suburbs) in the YRD. Analysis of the dataset showed that all four radiation components, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux, and CO2 flux varied seasonally and diurnally at the four sites. Surface energy fluxes exhibited great differences among the four sites. On an annual basis, for the two cropland sites, the dominant consumer of net radiation was latent heat flux. For the two suburban sites, in contrast, latent heating dominated from April to November, whereas sensible heating dominated during the other months. Our present work provides convincing evidence that the dataset has potential for multiple research fields, including studying land–atmosphere interactions, improving boundary layer parameterization schemes, evaluating remote sensing algorithms, validating carbon flux modeling and inversion, and developing climate models for typical East Asian monsoon regions. The dataset is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6552301 (Duan et al., 2022).

Strong Aerosol Absorption and Its Radiative Effects in Lhasa on the Tibetan Plateau

“…Variations of shortwave radiation and meteorological factors are given in Figures 1a–1c. The peak value of downward shortwave radiation during daytime was around 1400 W/m 2 , which is twice higher than sites in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China (Duan et al., 2022). The average temperature was 17.6 ± 4.2°C during the campaign.…”

A benchmark dataset of diurnal- and seasonal-scale radiation, heat and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in a typical East Asian monsoon region

“…All datasets presented in this paper are freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6552301 (Duan et al, 2022). The local time (UTC+8) was used at the four sites.…”

“…Our present work provides convincing evidence that the dataset has potential for multiple research fields, including studying land-atmosphere interactions, improving boundary layer parameterization schemes, evaluating remote sensing algorithms, validating carbon flux modeling and inversion, and developing climate models for typical East Asian monsoon regions. The dataset is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6552301 (Duan et al, 2022).…”

Effects of local aerosol and transported dust pollution on the surface energy balance over farmland in eastern China during spring

“…(meters above ground level). The raw 10-Hz EC eddy covariance data were averaged over 60-min periods following the methods described in Duan et al (2022). Additional sensors measuring coarse PM (PM 10 ) and fine PM (PM 2.5 ) (GRIMM180) were installed on top of a 3 m-high building, 100 m northwest of the flux tower.…”