A Behavior Systems Approach to Bidirectional Excitatory Serial Conditioning

Silva, Francisco J.; Timberlake, William; Koehler, Teri L.

doi:10.1006/lmot.1996.0008

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Domjan (2005) has argued for a functional approach to Pavlovian conditioning that embeds such conditioning more deeply in the evolutionary context of the subjects, an approach that resonates with Timberlake's behavioral systems theory (Silva, Timberlake, and Koehler, 1996; Timberlake, 1995, 1999). In these contexts, movement of an object toward a biologically significant event such as food is a better predictor of its occurrence than movement away, and better also than static stimuli at similar distances to food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “lunching” effect: Pigeons track motion towards food more than motion away from it

Cabrera

Sanabria

Shelley

et al. 2009

Behavioural Processes

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Four experiments measured pigeons' pecking at a small touch-screen image (the CS) that moved toward or away from a source of food (the US). The image's effectiveness as a CS was dependent on its motion, direction, and distance relative to the US. Pecking to the CS increased with proximity to the US when the CS moved toward the US (Experiment 1). This held true even when a departing CS signalled a US of greater magnitude (Experiment 2). Response rates to stationary stimuli were greater the closer they were to the hopper; but rate was less than when the same spot was part of a motion toward food, and greater than when it was part of a motion away (Experiment 3). The rate of responding in all three cases (motion toward, stationary, motion away) decreased exponentially with distance from the hopper. The distance and motion effects observed under these Pavlovian contingencies were different when pecking to the spot was required for reinforcement (Experiment 4).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “lunching” effect: Pigeons track motion towards food more than motion away from it

Cabrera

Sanabria

Shelley

et al. 2009

Behavioural Processes

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“…J. Silva, Timberlake, & Cevik, 1998;F. J. Silva, Timberlake, & Gont, 1998;F. J. Silva et al, 1996;K.…”

Section: Stimulus Control and Behavior Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silva, Timberlake, & Cevik, 1998;F. A stimulus that reliably and immediately precedes food should best control a focal search mode and appropriate responses, whereas a stimulus presented more temporally and/or spatially distant from food should better control a general search mode and related responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

A behavior systems view of the organization of multiple responses during a partially or continuously reinforced interfood clock

Silva

Timberlake

2005

Learning & Behavior

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We examined how a 50% Pavlovian partial reinforcement (PRF) schedule, versus a 100% continuous reinforcement (CRF) schedule, altered the asymptotic amount and distribution of focal and general search behavior in rats during 48-sec trials with and without a four-segment interfood clock (S1-S2-S3-S4-US). Under CRF, but not PRF, average asymptotic focal search (nosing in the feeder) increased across the last two clock segments (S3 and S4), and more for the clock group than the no-clock group. Locomotor general search peaked in the second clock segment (S2) for the CRF-clock and CRF-no-clock groups and in S3 for the PRF-clock groups. Furthermore, the ratio of general search to maximum focal search was higher for the PRF-clock group than for the CRF-clock group. This pattern of results supports the view that predictable reward presentations temporally organize search states and related responses between food presentations. The relative expression of these responses varies with the predictability and proximity of reward and is more sharply defined in the presence of a clock.

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Temporal association between food distribution and human caregiver presence and the development of affinity to humans in lambs

Tallet

Veissier

Boivin

2008

Developmental Psychobiology

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The presence of the caregiver around feeding favors the development of a human-animal relationship. To understand the underlying mechanism, we tested various temporal associations between food distribution and human presence: from an early age, a person was repeatedly present for 2 min just before milk distribution ("Forward"), during milk distribution ("Simultaneous"), and 20 min afterwards ("Delayed"). The "Control" group received no human contacts. During the treatments, "Forward" and "Delayed" lambs had more physical contacts with the person than "Simultaneous" lambs. When tested in unfamiliar environments, they stood longer near the person than did "Control" or "Simultaneous" lambs, which did not differ. Only "Forward" and "Delayed" lambs bleated when separated from the person. Fasting before testing had no effect. "Forward" and "Delayed" seemed to produce the same human-animal relationship, showing that this did not rely only on a conditioning process associating the caregiver with food. The caregiver may acquire properties for social support through other mechanisms (attachment and/or postingestive effects).

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A Behavior Systems Approach to Bidirectional Excitatory Serial Conditioning

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

The “lunching” effect: Pigeons track motion towards food more than motion away from it

The “lunching” effect: Pigeons track motion towards food more than motion away from it

A behavior systems view of the organization of multiple responses during a partially or continuously reinforced interfood clock

Temporal association between food distribution and human caregiver presence and the development of affinity to humans in lambs

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