A Bayesian procedure for separately estimating storage and retrieval components of forgetting

Chechile, Richard A.; Meyer, Donald L.

doi:10.1016/0022-2496(76)90022-5

Cited by 55 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

102

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If one prefers to view encoding as a more continuous process of building strength or laying down traces, then we can assume that with probability qy. he or she developed sufficient strength to support retrieval ofthe event and with probability 1 -qy, he or she did not (see Batchelder & Riefer, 1986, or Chechile & Meyer, 1976, who make an identical assumption). The binary outcomes of (sufficiently) encoding or not are shown as the top two branches in Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences in encoding and retrieving details of a pediatric examination

Bender

Wallsten

Ornstein

1996

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Baker-Ward, Gordon, Ornstein, Lams, and Clubb (1993) showed that recall improves over ages 3-7 for events experienced during a physical examination. We used a joint multinomial model to ask whether the improvement was due to encoding, to retrieval, or to likelihood to report. The model fit the Baker-Ward et al. data well and showed that (1) retrieval and reporting cannot be distinguished and (2) the observed effects were due primarily to age-related improvement in retrieval reporting rather than in encoding.Research on young children's abilities to remember the details of salient, personally experienced events is important for at least two reasons: (1) it contributes to our understanding of the development of autobiographical memory, and (2) it aids in establishing methods for assessing the validity of children's reports about sexual and other forms of abuse. It is in this spirit that Ornstein and his colleagues (e.g., Baker-Ward, Gordon, Ornstein, Lams, & Clubb, 1993; Ornstein, Gordon, Baker-Ward, & Merritt, in press; Ornstein, Gordon, & Lams, 1992) have been exploring young children'smemories ofvarious types of medical experiences.In one such study, Baker-Ward et al. (1993) examined the abilities of 3-, 5-, and 7-year-olds to remember the details of a regularly scheduled physical examination by a pediatrician and nurse. Memory overall was good, although there were age differences in both initial and delayed recall. The younger children provided less information than did the older subjects and relied more strongly on specific probes. Moreover, the 7-year-olds demonstrated little, and the 3-year-olds considerable, forgetting over the course of a 6-week delay interval.What factors might underlie this pattern of findings? Developmental studies of deliberate memorization suggest age-related improvement in strategies for both encoding and retrieval. For example, Ornstein and Naus (1978) have demonstrated that older children have superior rehearsal and organizational skills than younger chil-

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences in encoding and retrieving details of a pediatric examination

Bender

Wallsten

Ornstein

1996

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…and with fewer errors, than the items in the middle of a list (Ebbinghaus, 1913). Current theories of the serial position effect involve the concepts of distinctiveness and organization along some discriminable dimension (Ebenholtz, 1972).…”

Section: Storage and Retrieval Processes In The Serial Position Effecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently a technique has been devised to separate storage and retrieval processes in memory (Chechile, 1973;Chechile & Meyer, 1976). The method involves interspersing recall trials with forced-choice recognition trials and requiring the subject to rate his or her answer on a 3-point confidence scale.…”

Section: Storage and Retrieval Processes In The Serial Position Effecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, for example, the correct recall of a target item on any given trial requires both sufficient storage and successful retrieval of the target information. The probability of correct recall across many trials, designated ()c' is defined as ()s· ()r' A more thorough explanation of the separation can be found in Chechile and Meyer (1976).…”

Section: Storage and Retrieval Processes In The Serial Position Effecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1975;Chechile & Meyer. 1976) was used to study the role of these processes in the production of the serial position effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Storage and retrieval processes in the serial position effect

Skoff

Chechile

1977

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A technique that separates storage from retrieval (Chechile & Butler. 1975;Chechile & Meyer. 1976) was used to study the role of these processes in the production of the serial position effect. Using a serial learning paradigm with paired associates. both the probability of storage and the probability of retrieval decreased for items in the middle of the list. While both storage and retrieval components contribute to the serial position effect. the storage and retrieval changes were found to be uncorrelated. It is suggested that the serial position effect is due to the cue distinctiveness of end items in a serial list producing a facilitation of initial discrimination and storage of these items and their subsequent organization and retrieval from memory.The serial position effect has long been recognized as a robust phenomenon, where the items at the beginning and end of a list are learned quicker. and with fewer errors, than the items in the middle of a list (Ebbinghaus, 1913). Current theories of the serial position effect involve the concepts of distinctiveness and organization along some discriminable dimension (Ebenholtz, 1972). For example, in the standard serial learning paradigm, the temporal and ordinal position of the items can form a meaningful organizing dimension. Furthermore, list items may differ in regard to their distinctiveness on this dimension. Murdock (1960) defined and scaled distinctiveness as the extent to which a stimulus "stands out" from other contextual and background stimuli. He also showed that for a serial order dimension, the distinctiveness scores result in a bowed serial position curve. Additionally, a number of related experiments (Ebenholtz, 1965;Phillips, 1958) demonstrated that when responses in a standard paired-associate learning task were paired with stimuli that could be ordered along some discriminable dimension (e.g., different values of Munsell grays), a serial position effect emerged when mean errors or mean trials to criterion were plotted against the stimuli arranged in order. According to Murdock's schema, the differential distinctiveness of the stimuli could have resulted in the differential discriminability and learning of the items in a serial list. In fact, Ebenholtz (1972) theorized that a serial position effect would result whenever items in a list could be associated with, or organized along, a discriminable sensory or conceptual dimension.While the concepts of distinctiveness and organizational dimension are now importan t concepts in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the proLeonard C. Mead sponsors this paper and takes full editorial responsibility.

show abstract

Elementary Signal Detection and Threshold Theory

Kellen

Klauer

2018

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Signal detection and threshold model classes are important measurement tools that disentangle the contribution of different factors such as discriminability and response/guessing‐bias based on observed categorical responses. This chapter provides an introduction to both model classes by discussing their theoretical foundations and different measures that can be derived from them. Measures and tests are exemplified with previously published data from the fields of perception and memory.

show abstract

A Bayesian procedure for separately estimating storage and retrieval components of forgetting

Cited by 55 publications

References 13 publications

Age differences in encoding and retrieving details of a pediatric examination

Age differences in encoding and retrieving details of a pediatric examination

Storage and retrieval processes in the serial position effect

Elementary Signal Detection and Threshold Theory

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About