A basin thermal modelling approach to mitigate geothermal energy exploration risks: The St. Gallen case study (eastern Switzerland)

Omodeo-Salé, Silvia; Eruteya, Ovie Emmanuel; Cassola, Teodoro; Baniasad, Alireza; Moscariello, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101876

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We use the term erosional exhumation to mean vertical upward movement of rocks with respect to the Earth's surface, representing a reduction of overburden due to erosion. Changes in lithospheric heat flow following the thinning of the lithosphere for rifting can be also a factor controlling basement temperature [61][62][63], as suggested by previous authors for the Mesozoic rifting events registered in the SMB substratum [14,15,64]. Unfortunately, this cannot be constrained by our dataset, and we take our Early Mesozoic cooling/heating rates as maximum exhumation/burial estimates.…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Thermal Historymentioning

confidence: 96%

Insights into the Thermal History of North-Eastern Switzerland—Apatite Fission Track Dating of Deep Drill Core Samples from the Swiss Jura Mountains and the Swiss Molasse Basin

et al. 2020

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This work presents new apatite fission track LA–ICP–MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) data from Mid–Late Paleozoic rocks, which form the substratum of the Swiss Jura mountains (the Tabular Jura and the Jura fold-and-thrust belt) and the northern margin of the Swiss Molasse Basin. Samples were collected from cores of deep boreholes drilled in North Switzerland in the 1980s, which reached the crystalline basement. Our thermochronological data show that the region experienced a multi-cycle history of heating and cooling that we ascribe to burial and exhumation, respectively. Sedimentation in the Swiss Jura Mountains occurred continuously from Early Triassic to Early Cretaceous, leading to the deposition of maximum 2 km of sediments. Subsequently, less than 1 km of Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic sediments were slowly eroded during the Late Cretaceous, plausibly as a consequence of the northward migration of the forebulge of the neo-forming North Alpine Foreland Basin. Following this event, the whole region remained relatively stable throughout the Paleogene. Our data show that the Tabular Jura region resumed exhumation at low rates in early–middle Miocene times (≈20–15 Ma), whereas exhumation in the Jura fold-and-thrust belt probably re-started later, in the late Miocene (≈10–5 Ma). Erosional exhumation likely continues to the present day. Despite sampling limitations, our thermochronological data record discrete periods of slow cooling (rates of about 1°C/My), which might preclude models of elevated cooling (due to intense erosion) in the Jura Mountains during the Miocene. The denudation (≈1 km) of the Tabular Jura region and the Jura fold-and-thrust belt (≈500 m) has provided sediments to the Swiss Molasse Basin since at least 20 Ma. The southward migration of deformation in the Jura mountains suggests that the molasse basin started to uplift and exhume only after 5 Ma, as suggested also by previous authors. The data presented here show that the deformation of the whole region is occurring in an out-of-sequence trend, which is more likely associated with the reactivation of thrust faults beneath the foreland basin. This deformation trend suggests that tectonics is the most determinant factor controlling denudation and exhumation of the region, whereas the recently proposed “climate-induced exhumation” mechanism might play a secondary role.

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Section: Interpretation Of the Thermal Historymentioning

confidence: 96%

Insights into the Thermal History of North-Eastern Switzerland—Apatite Fission Track Dating of Deep Drill Core Samples from the Swiss Jura Mountains and the Swiss Molasse Basin

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, for the extensional events, an estimate of the heat flow values, attained as a consequence of the lithosphere stretching, was deduced by the magnitude of tectonic subsidence registered in the basin [55,61]. For further detail see Omodeo-Salé et al [62]. The basal heat flow trend through time was estimated by considering the tecto settings proposed in the literature for formation of the Swiss Foreland Basin and its M ozoic substratum [4,6,22,23,25,26,54,[58][59][60] (Figure 4).…”

Section: Basal Heat Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, for the extensio events, an estimate of the heat flow values, attained as a consequence of the lithosph stretching, was deduced by the magnitude of tectonic subsidence registered in the ba [55,61]. For further detail see Omodeo-Salé et al [62]. An important thermal surge, with heat flow up to 100-120 mW/m 2 is placed in Early Permian, expressing the thinning and delamination of the lithosphere and the m matic activity characterising this period [6,23].…”

Section: Basal Heat Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Multiple Erosion Events in the Distal Sector of the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin (North-Eastern Switzerland), by Combining Basin Thermal Modelling with Vitrinite Reflectance and Apatite Fission Track Data

et al. 2021

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This work quantifies the amount of erosion associated with the Cretaceous and Miocene erosional unconformities recognised in the distal part of the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB), north-eastern Switzerland. To achieve this goal, the basin thermal modelling approach is applied, calibrated by two different sets of data collected in previous studies: vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) and the temperature estimated from apatite fission tracks (AFT) data modelling. The novelty of this approach is the possibility to constrain the timing and magnitude of multiple erosion events by integrating thermal modelling with thermochronologic data. Combining these two methods allows the erosional events to be separated which would not be possible using only irreversible paleothermometers, such as vitrinite reflectance data. Two scenarios were tested, based on the data of two published thermochronology studies. For the Cretaceous unconformity, similar results are obtained for the two scenarios, both indicating that the deposition and the subsequent complete erosion of Lower Cretaceous deposits, in the order of 500–1300 m, depending on the area, are necessary, in order to attain the temperatures estimated by the thermal history modelling of AFT data. Thus, a depositional hiatus for this period is not likely. For the Miocene-Quaternary unconformity, the magnitude of erosion calculated for the two scenarios differs by 300–1400 m, depending on the AFT data considered. The two scenarios lead to a different evaluation of the subsidence and uplift rate of the study area, thus to a different interpretation of the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of this distal sector of the NAFB.

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“…To achieve this source of energy, the knowledge on subsurface geological hot spots for more precise drilling to access the target temperature is of great importance [11]. Therefore, to assess the well productivity, several parameters such as morphology and temperature of the ground, geothermal gradient, porosity, permeability, fluid salinity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity at various depths play a critical role [12]. However, all this information often is not accessible [13] and also continuous or periodically monitoring the equipped test boreholes with temperature sensors is a time-consuming and costly procedure [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating 3D Geothermal Maps in Catalonia, Spain Using a Hybrid Adaptive Multitask Deep Learning Procedure

et al. 2022

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Mapping the subsurface temperatures can efficiently lead to identifying the geothermal distribution heat flow and potential hot spots at different depths. In this paper, an advanced adaptive multitask deep learning procedure for 3D spatial mapping of the subsurface temperature was proposed. As a result, predictive 3D spatial subsurface temperatures at different depths were successfully generated using geolocation of 494 exploratory boreholes data in Catalonia (Spain). To increase the accuracy of the achieved results, hybridization with a new modified firefly algorithm was carried out. Subsequently, uncertainty analysis using a novel automated ensemble deep learning approach for the predicted temperatures and generated spatial 3D maps were executed. Comparing the accuracy performances in terms of correct classification rate (CCR) and the area under the precision–recall curves for validation and whole datasets with at least 4.93% and 2.76% improvement indicated for superiority of the hybridized model. According to the results, the efficiency of the proposed hybrid multitask deep learning in 3D geothermal characterization to enhance the understanding and predictability of subsurface spatial distribution of temperatures is inferred. This implies that the applicability and cost effectiveness of the adaptive procedure in producing 3D high resolution depth dependent temperatures can lead to locate prospective geothermally hotspot active regions.

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A basin thermal modelling approach to mitigate geothermal energy exploration risks: The St. Gallen case study (eastern Switzerland)

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Insights into the Thermal History of North-Eastern Switzerland—Apatite Fission Track Dating of Deep Drill Core Samples from the Swiss Jura Mountains and the Swiss Molasse Basin

Insights into the Thermal History of North-Eastern Switzerland—Apatite Fission Track Dating of Deep Drill Core Samples from the Swiss Jura Mountains and the Swiss Molasse Basin

Quantifying Multiple Erosion Events in the Distal Sector of the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin (North-Eastern Switzerland), by Combining Basin Thermal Modelling with Vitrinite Reflectance and Apatite Fission Track Data

Generating 3D Geothermal Maps in Catalonia, Spain Using a Hybrid Adaptive Multitask Deep Learning Procedure

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