2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.024
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A baseline study on trace element based sediment pollution and potential ecological risk of reef sediments of Musal, Manoli and Manoli putti Islands, Gulf of Mannar, India

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Cited by 7 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…years due to open-cast mining of Ni ores that developed across the main island since the middle of the 19 th century. As a consequence, the concentration of trace metals in the mangrove (Marchand et al, 2012;Noël et al, 2014Noël et al, , 2015 and lagoon (Ambatsian et al, 1997;Dalto et al, 2006;Fernandez et al, 2006) sediments of New Caledonia are significantly higher than in other similar environmental settings around the world (Pacifico et al, 2007;Morisson et al, 2010;Lewis et al, 2011;Coates-Marnane et al, 2016;Birch et al, 2017;Saravanan et al, 2018;Zonta et al, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…years due to open-cast mining of Ni ores that developed across the main island since the middle of the 19 th century. As a consequence, the concentration of trace metals in the mangrove (Marchand et al, 2012;Noël et al, 2014Noël et al, , 2015 and lagoon (Ambatsian et al, 1997;Dalto et al, 2006;Fernandez et al, 2006) sediments of New Caledonia are significantly higher than in other similar environmental settings around the world (Pacifico et al, 2007;Morisson et al, 2010;Lewis et al, 2011;Coates-Marnane et al, 2016;Birch et al, 2017;Saravanan et al, 2018;Zonta et al, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its calculation is used to evaluate the degree of anthropogenic pollution by trace elements [43]. Since then, this concept has been used by several authors [10,26,42,[44][45][46][47][48], whether on soil or sediment to determine the anthropogenic contribution in terms of trace element pollution. However, concerns exist regarding the choice of the reference element (normalizer) and the choice of the reference material (uncontaminated) because, according to References [49,50], these two choices determine the reliability and representativeness of the enrichment calculated in the regional context.…”
Section: Enrichment Factormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its choice is not universal and depends on the lithological and physico-chemical characteristics of the study area [55]. A through literature, several elements such as Al [26,41,44,47,61,62], Cs [50,54], Fe [4,48,63], Li [64], Sc [45,58], and the organic matter [65] were used as references to calculate EF. Remaining in the same concept, other authors have also made comparative analyses using at least two reference elements [8,42,46], leading to various results depending on the benchmark used.…”
Section: Enrichment Factormentioning
confidence: 99%