A bacteriophage for Treponema hyodysenteriae

Ritchie, A. G.; Robinson, I; Joens, LA; Kinyon, JM

doi:10.1136/vr.103.2.34

Cited by 23 publications

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“…The experiments in this article describe the isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage, designated VSH-1, from S. hyodysenteriae B204 cells after treatment with mitomycin. The morphology and size of purified VSH-1 virions are identical to those of S. hyodysenteriae phages described in previous studies (9,22). VSH-1 virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.375 g/cm 3 and are composed of a head (45-nm diameter) and a simple tail (64 by 9 nm) made from at least 13 structural proteins with molecular masses between 13 and 101 kDa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Bacteriophage particles have been observed attached to cells of S. hyodysenteriae in cultures (22), and the use of mitomycin to induce bacteriophage from the spirochete S. hyodysenteriae has been described previously (9). The experiments in this article describe the isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage, designated VSH-1, from S. hyodysenteriae B204 cells after treatment with mitomycin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential genetic transfer elements for S. hyodysenteriae have been identified. Ritchie and colleagues observed bacteriophages with the same morphology in 18 different cultures of S. hyodysenteriae while searching for bacteriophages in pure cultures obtained from a collection of cultures from all over the world (22). The extraction of extrachromosomal nucleic acid from S. hyodysenteriae cultures was reported in 1986 by Joens and colleagues (11) and then again in 1992 by Combs and coworkers (6).…”

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confidence: 93%

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Purification and characterization of VSH-1, a generalized transducing bacteriophage of Serpulina hyodysenteriae

et al. 1997

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Serpulina hyodysenteriae B204 cells treated with mitomycin (20 g of mitomycin/ml of culture broth) lysed and released bacteriophages. Bacteriophage particles, precipitated by using polyethylene glycol and purified by CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation, had a buoyant density of 1.375 g/cm 3 and consisted of a head (45-nm diameter) and an ultrastructurally simple (noncontractile) tail (64 by 9 nm) composed of at least 13 proteins with molecular masses ranging between 13 and 101 kDa. The purified bacteriophage has been designated VSH-1 (VSH for virus of S. hyodysenteriae). VSH-1 was incapable of lytic growth on any of five intestinal spirochete strains, representing three Serpulina species. VSH-1 nucleic acid was determined to be approximately 7.5 kb in size and to be linear, double-stranded DNA based on differential staining with acridine orange, DNase I sensitivity, electrophoretic mobility, and contour length as measured by electron microscopy. Phage DNA digested by the restriction enzymes SspI, AseI, EcoRV, and AflII gave electrophoretic banding patterns nearly identical to those of digested chromosomal DNA from S. hyodysenteriae. Additionally, VSH-1 DNA fragments hybridized with probes complementary to S. hyodysenteriae chromosomal genes nox and flaA1. When purified bacteriophages induced from cultures of S. hyodysenteriae A203 (⌬flaA1 593-762::cat) were added to growing cells of strain A216 (⌬nox 438-760::kan), transductants (Cm r Km r ) were obtained at a frequency of 1.5 ؋ 10 ؊6 per phage particle (enumerated by electron microscopy). These findings indicate that induced VSH-1 virions package DNA of S. hyodysenteriae and are capable of transferring host genes between cells of that spirochete. To our knowledge, this is the first report of genetic transduction of a spirochete.Natural gene transfer mechanisms (conjugative plasmids and transducing bacteriophages) have not been demonstrated for spirochetes. Indirect evidence of lateral gene transfer has been obtained for Borrelia spp. (16). The existence of DNAfilled membrane vesicles on the surfaces of Borrelia burgdorferi cells has been reported, although their possible role in gene transfer is unknown (7). In addition, several extrachromosomal elements have been identified in B. burgdorferi, and an extrachromosomal plasmid of 2.6 kb has been isolated from Treponema denticola and characterized (10,25). In cultures of various spirochetes, bacteriophages have been observed free, attached to cells, or within cells as noted previously (9). Three lytic phages of Leptospira biflexa have been isolated and characterized (24). However, to our knowledge, there is no evidence that these three phages play a role in gene transfer.The spirochete Serpulina hyodysenteriae causes swine dysentery, an enteric disease producing a severe mucohemorrhagic diarrhea in infected swine (8). Potential genetic transfer elements for S. hyodysenteriae have been identified. Ritchie and colleagues observed bacteriophages with the same morphology in 18 different cultures of S. hyodysente...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 93%

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Purification and characterization of VSH-1, a generalized transducing bacteriophage of Serpulina hyodysenteriae

et al. 1997

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“…8,11,18,28,29,33,34,[39][40][41] None of these potential virulence attributes is likely to directly cause the lesions demonstrated in the present studies. In addition, three genes from S. hyodysenteriae, tlyA, tlyB, and tlyC, have been identified, cloned, and sequenced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

A Comparison of the Morphologic Effects ofSerpulina hyodysenteriaeor its Beta-hemolysin on the Murine Cecal Mucosa

Hutto

Wannemuehler

1999

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. Studies were carried out to compare the early morphologic changes in the cecal mucosa of mice either infected with Serpulina hyodysenteriae or exposed to the ␤-hemolysin of S. hyodysenteriae. Sixty-five 12-24-week-old C3H/HeOuJ mice were infected with S. hyodysenteriae by gastric intubation. Two mice were necropsied every hour for 30 hours following infection. S. hyodysenteriae was isolated from the cecal contents of each mouse at all time points. Macroscopic lesions were first apparent at 14 hours postinfection (PI), and light microscopic lesions were first apparent at 10 hours PI, earlier than has been previously reported. Ultrastructural changes, first evident at 6 hours PI, included disarray and loss of microvilli and terminal web, with dilatation of intercellular spaces. Luminal bacteria were translocated through epithelial cells to the lamina propria, where capillaries exhibited changes indicative of increased permeability. In another experiment, solutions containing between 2,500 and 25,000 hemolytic units of purified S. hyodysenteriae hemolysin were placed within the lumen of surgically closed murine ceca (n ϭ 10); ceca were collected for examination 3 hours following treatment. Ultrastructural changes consisted of loss of microvilli and terminal web and marked vacuolation and exfoliation of epithelial cells. Significant numbers of necrotic and apoptotic epithelial cells were present, and epithelial cells internalized moderate numbers of bacteria. The hemolysin of S. hyodysenteriae induces some of the same early ultrastructural changes in the cecal epithelium of mice as occur following infection with S. hyodysenteriae. Based on the observed bacterial translocation, luminal bacteria also appear to play a unique role in lesion development in this model.

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“…Phages have been shown to be present in culture of T. hyodysenteriae (Ritchie et al, 1978). Although the existence of a plasmid in T.…”

Section: Literature Review Of Swine Dysentery Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunologic response of swine to solubilized outer envelope components of Treponema hyodysenteriae

Peterson

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A bacteriophage for Treponema hyodysenteriae

Cited by 23 publications

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Purification and characterization of VSH-1, a generalized transducing bacteriophage of Serpulina hyodysenteriae

Purification and characterization of VSH-1, a generalized transducing bacteriophage of Serpulina hyodysenteriae

A Comparison of the Morphologic Effects ofSerpulina hyodysenteriaeor its Beta-hemolysin on the Murine Cecal Mucosa

Immunologic response of swine to solubilized outer envelope components of Treponema hyodysenteriae

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