A Bacterial Effector Protein Hijacks Plant Metabolism to Support Pathogen Nutrition

Liu, Xian; Yu, Gang; Wei, Yali; Rufián, José S.; Li, Yansha; Zhuang, Haiyan; Hou, Xue; Morcillo, Rafael J. L.; Macho, Alberto P.

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.003

Cited by 69 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…FRET-FLIM. Fӧrster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence lifetime imaging (FRET-FLIM) experiments were performed as previously described 49,50 with several modifications. Briefly, GmFLS2b (fused to GFP) was expressed from pGWB505, and GmBAK1 (fused to RFP) or free RFP (as negative control) were expressed from pGWB554.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An immune receptor complex evolved in soybean to perceive a polymorphic bacterial flagellin

et al. 2020

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In both animals and plants, the perception of bacterial flagella by immune receptors elicits the activation of defence responses. Most plants are able to perceive the highly conserved epitope flg22 from flagellin, the main flagellar protein, from most bacterial species. However, flagellin from Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of the bacterial wilt disease, presents a polymorphic flg22 sequence (flg22 Rso) that avoids perception by all plants studied to date. In this work, we show that soybean has developed polymorphic versions of the flg22 receptors that are able to perceive flg22 Rso. Furthermore, we identify key residues responsible for both the evasion of perception by flg22 Rso in Arabidopsis and the gain of perception by the soybean receptors. Heterologous expression of the soybean flg22 receptors in susceptible plant species, such as tomato, enhances resistance to bacterial wilt disease, demonstrating the potential of these receptors to enhance disease resistance in crop plants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An immune receptor complex evolved in soybean to perceive a polymorphic bacterial flagellin

et al. 2020

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“…While it has the capacity to provide rich C and N sources, GABA appears to have contrasting effects, depending on the pathosystem under study (reviewed: [ 104 ]). An elegant study recently demonstrated that the Ralstonia solanacearum effector Rip interacts with host glutamate decarboxylases (GADs), promoting their interaction with calmodulin, to enhance GABA production [ 105 ]. In contrast, the indirect hijacking of host metabolism is elegantly illustrated by the activation of host sugar transporters by pathogen effectors.…”

Section: Metabolomics Research In Molecular Plant Pathology—challenges and Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling Plant Responses to Stress—The Importance of Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics

et al. 2021

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Climate change and an increasing population, present a massive global challenge with respect to environmentally sustainable nutritious food production. Crop yield enhancements, through breeding, are decreasing, whilst agricultural intensification is constrained by emerging, re-emerging, and endemic pests and pathogens, accounting for ~30% of global crop losses, as well as mounting abiotic stress pressures, due to climate change. Metabolomics approaches have previously contributed to our knowledge within the fields of molecular plant pathology and plant–insect interactions. However, these remain incredibly challenging targets, due to the vast diversity in metabolite volatility and polarity, heterogeneous mixtures of pathogen and plant cells, as well as rapid rates of metabolite turn-over. Unravelling the systematic biochemical responses of plants to various individual and combined stresses, involves monitoring signaling compounds, secondary messengers, phytohormones, and defensive and protective chemicals. This demands both targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches, as well as a range of enzymatic assays, protein assays, and proteomic and transcriptomic technologies. In this review, we focus upon the technical and biological challenges of measuring the metabolome associated with plant stress. We illustrate the challenges, with relevant examples from bacterial and fungal molecular pathologies, plant–insect interactions, and abiotic and combined stress in the environment. We also discuss future prospects from both the perspective of key innovative metabolomic technologies and their deployment in breeding for stress resistance.

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“…To raise anti-RipAC antibodies, purified recombinant GST-RipAC 241-540aa expressed in E. coli was used as antigen [62]. The polyclonal antiserum from immunized rabbits was purified by affinity chromatography using recombinant GST-RipAC 241-540aa , and the eluate was used as anti-RipAC antibody (Abclonal Co., Wuhan, China).…”

Section: Generation Of Custom Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bacterial effector protein prevents MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of SGT1 to suppress plant immunity

Liu

Hou

et al. 2020

PLoS Pathog

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Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) proteins function as sensors that perceive pathogen molecules and activate immunity. In plants, the accumulation and activation of NLRs is regulated by SUPPRESSOR OF G2 ALLELE OF skp1 (SGT1). In this work, we found that an effector protein named RipAC, secreted by the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, associates with SGT1 to suppress NLR-mediated SGT1-dependent immune responses, including those triggered by another R. solanacearum effector, RipE1. RipAC does not affect the accumulation of SGT1 or NLRs, or their interaction. However, RipAC inhibits the interaction between SGT1 and MAP kinases, and the phosphorylation of a MAPK target motif in the C-terminal domain of SGT1. Such phosphorylation is enhanced upon activation of immune signaling and contributes to the activation of immune responses mediated by the NLR RPS2. Additionally, SGT1 phosphorylation contributes to resistance against R. solanacearum. Our results shed light onto the mechanism of activation of NLR-mediated immunity, and suggest a positive feedback loop between MAPK activation and SGT1-dependent NLR activation.

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A Bacterial Effector Protein Hijacks Plant Metabolism to Support Pathogen Nutrition

Cited by 69 publications

References 64 publications

An immune receptor complex evolved in soybean to perceive a polymorphic bacterial flagellin

An immune receptor complex evolved in soybean to perceive a polymorphic bacterial flagellin

Unravelling Plant Responses to Stress—The Importance of Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics

A bacterial effector protein prevents MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of SGT1 to suppress plant immunity

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