A BAC-based integrated linkage map of the silkworm Bombyx mori

Yamamoto, Kimiko; Nohata, Junko; Kadono-Okuda, Keiko; Narukawa, Junko; Sasanuma, Motoe; Sasanuma, Shun Ichi; Minami, Hiroshi; Shimomura, Michihiko; Suetsugu, Yoshitaka; Banno, Yutaka; Osoegawa, Kazutoyo; Jong, Pieter J. de; Goldsmith, Marian R.; Mita, Kazuei

doi:10.1186/gb-2008-9-1-r21

Cited by 94 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Previous linkage analysis efforts mapped the L phenotype in B. mori to a single locus (LG4, 15.3 cM) 18 . To identify the gene responsible for the L phenotype, we performed low-resolution mapping using 45 backcrossed F1 progeny (BC1) and standard single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers 20 ( Supplementary Fig. S1), and subsequent fine mapping with 3089 BC1 and newly designed SNP markers (Supplementary Table S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodic Wnt1 expression in response to ecdysteroid generates twin-spot markings on caterpillars

et al. 2013

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Among various pigmentation patterns on caterpillars, sequential spot markings are often observed and used for aposematic colouration. In contrast to adult wings, caterpillar cuticle markings are repeatedly generated at each moult, but little is known about how the patterns are formed and maintained periodically. Here we focus on a silkworm mutant, multi lunar (L), with twin-spot markings on sequential segments. Positional cloning of L and expression analyses reveal that cis-regulatory change in Wnt1 is responsible for the spot patterning. The periodical upregulation of Wnt1 in response to ecdysteroid is detected only in epidermis within spot marking area. We verify by transgenic expression that the ectopic Wnt1 induces the additional pigmentation. Furthermore, the association of Wnt1 expression with spot markings is observed in the wild Bombyx species and swallowtail butterfly Papilio machaon. Taken together, we anticipate that periodic Wnt1 expression may contribute to natural variations of spot patterning on caterpillar cuticle.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We mapped the marking mutant phenotype L to the scaffold of Bm_scaf 5 (KAIKObase, http://sgp.dna.affrc.go.jp/KAIKObase/ (2009)) using a set of SNP markers 20 . For fine mapping, 3,089 larvae were tested using newly developed SNP markers within the critical interval ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic Wnt1 expression in response to ecdysteroid generates twin-spot markings on caterpillars

et al. 2013

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“…Genomic DNA was extracted from parent moths, F 1 moths and from each BC 1 neonate larva using DNAzol solution (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). For genetic analysis, 14 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers previously reported on chromosome 5 (Yamamoto et al, 2008) and 16 new SNP markers that were constructed for this study were used. The primers for each SNP marker are listed in Supplementary Table S1.…”

Section: Positional Cloning Of Pementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify the candidate region for the pe gene, we conducted a genetic linkage analysis using a high-resolution SNP linkage map (Yamamoto et al, 2008) and silkworm genome sequence information (The International Silkworm Genome Consortium, 2008). First, we obtained F 1 heterozygous males from a cross between a single male of pe re double-mutant strain pe re 911 and a single female of a wild-type egg and eye colored strain C108.…”

Section: Positional Cloning Of the Pe Locusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positional cloning of a Bombyx pink-eyed white egg locus reveals the major role of cardinal in ommochrome synthesis

Osanai-Futahashi

Futahashi

et al. 2015

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Ommochromes are major insect pigments involved in coloration of compound eyes, eggs, epidermis and wings. In the silkworm Bombyx mori, adult compound eyes and eggs contain a mixture of the ommochrome pigments such as ommin and xanthommatin. Here, we identified the gene involved in ommochrome biosynthesis by positional cloning of B. mori egg and eye color mutant pink-eyed white egg (pe). The recessive homozygote of pe has bright red eyes and white or pale pink eggs instead of a normal dark coloration due to the decrease of dark ommochrome pigments. By genetic linkage analysis, we narrowed down the pe-linked region to~258 kb, containing 17 predicted genes. RNA sequencing analyses showed that the expression of one candidate gene, the ortholog of Drosophila haem peroxidase cardinal, coincided with egg pigmentation timing, similar to other ommochrome-related genes such as Bm-scarlet and Bm-re. In two pe strains, a common missense mutation was found within a conserved motif of B. mori cardinal homolog (Bm-cardinal). RNA interference-mediated knockdown and transcription activatorlike effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated knockout of the Bm-cardinal gene produced the same phenotype as pe in terms of egg, adult eye and larval epidermis coloration. A complementation test of the pe mutant with the TALEN-mediated Bm-cardinaldeficient strain showed that the mutant phenotype could not be rescued, indicating that Bm-cardinal is responsible for pe. Moreover, knockdown of the cardinal homolog in Tribolium castaneum also induced red compound eyes. Our results indicate that cardinal plays a major role in ommochrome synthesis of holometabolous insects.

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“…Among Lepidoptera, the silkworm Bombyx mori is the most suitable for identifying the gene responsible for colour patterns, because there are numerous pigmentation pattern mutants available, particularly for its larval stages 24 , and its genome sequence and a high-density linkage map are available 25,26 . Molecular genetic studies have identified the genes responsible for several colour pattern mutants in the silkworm [27][28][29] .…”

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The transcription factor Apontic-like controls diverse colouration pattern in caterpillars

et al. 2014

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Genetic polymorphisms underlie the convergent and divergent evolution of various phenotypes. Diverse colour patterns on caterpillars, which are ecologically important, are good models for understanding the molecular backgrounds of phenotypic diversity. Here we show that a single evolutionarily conserved gene apontic-like (apt-like) encoding for a putative transcription factor accounts for the silkworm p locus, which causes at least 15 different larval markings involved in branch-like markings and eye-spot formation. The expression of apt-like and melanin synthesis genes are upregulated in association with pigmented areas of marking mutants Striped (p S ) and normal ( þ p ) but not in the non-marking allele plain (p). Functional analyses, ectopic expression, RNAi and TALEN, demonstrate that apt-like causes melanin pigmentation in a cell-autonomous manner. These results suggest that variation in p alleles is caused by the differential expression of the gene apt-like which induces targeted elevation of gene expressions in the melanin synthesis pathway.

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A BAC-based integrated linkage map of the silkworm Bombyx mori

Cited by 94 publications

References 42 publications

Periodic Wnt1 expression in response to ecdysteroid generates twin-spot markings on caterpillars

Periodic Wnt1 expression in response to ecdysteroid generates twin-spot markings on caterpillars

Positional cloning of a Bombyx pink-eyed white egg locus reveals the major role of cardinal in ommochrome synthesis

The transcription factor Apontic-like controls diverse colouration pattern in caterpillars

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