A-B distinction and behavior in quasitherapeutic situations.

Carson, Robert C.; Harden, Judith A.; Shows, W. Derek

doi:10.1037/h0045787

Cited by 42 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The concept of trait-by-treatment interaction in psychological research has gained its currency through the thoughtful expositions by Cronbach (1957Cronbach ( , 1967, Cronbach andGleser (1957, 1965), and Pervin (1968). For investigations of trait-by-treatment interaction effects in diverse contexts, see Carney (1966); Carson et al (1964); Colquhoun and Corcoran ( 1964); Hoehn and Saltz ( 1956); Kagan (1967); Klett and l~oseley ( 1965); Megargee et al ( 1966); and Paul and Ericksen ( 1964).…”

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confidence: 99%

Student personality characteristics and optimal college learning conditions: An extensive search for trait-by-treatment interaction effects

Goldberg

1972

Instr Sci

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The goal of this research project was to discover those personality characteristics of college students which predispose them towards learning more effectively from one, rather than some other, particular instructional format. Over 800 students in each of two college courses were taught by one of four different methods, and three broad classes of criterion information were assessed: (a) knowledge of course content, (b) amount of extra-curricular reading, and (c) degree of student satisfaction. Each student completed an extensive battery of personality measures, which yielded over 350 test scores. The ratio of significant interaction effects to the number expected by chance was only 4 to 3. Consequently, new interaction scales were developed empirically in each course, and these were then cross-validated in the other course. In general, these new scales did not produce statistically significant interaction effects upon cross-validation, and scales constructed from items which produced significant interactions in both courses showed low internal consistency and low convergent validity. Factors which could have attenuated the strength of trait-by-treatment interaction effects are discussed.Over the years, in a continued effort to improve the practice of higher education, a number of investigators have attempted to assess the differential effects of various teaching procedures upon student achievement in college courses. The instructional methods which have been compared in studies of this gort can be divided into at least two major types: (a) variations in * The report is a summary of the findings presented in Goldberg (1969), a monograph which is available to readers wishing additional details of the investigation. Help with the design and implementation of the project was generously provided by William A. Bricker, Leslie A. Davison, and Vello Sermat. The author also wishes to acknowledge, with great thanks, the research contributions of

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confidence: 99%

Student personality characteristics and optimal college learning conditions: An extensive search for trait-by-treatment interaction effects

Goldberg

1972

Instr Sci

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“…In fact, the total picture would suggest rather that Bs formed more positive relationships with the citizens than did the As. Some reasons can be considered for the apparent inconsistency with the earlier related studies (Carson, et al, 1964;Benzins, et al, 1970). First of all, the nature of the policecitizen relationship as examined in this study may well be greatly different from the relationship examined in the earlier studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Later analogue and therapy studies have generalized the earlier findings and suggested the relative superiority of As with schizoid and extropunitive individuals (Berzins, Ross, & Friedman, 1972;Berzins, Seidman, & Welch, 1970) and of Bs with intropunitive individuals . In studies by Carson, Harden, and Shows (1964) and Berzins, Ross, and Cohen (1970), work further removed from the original outcome studies has focused on the process involved and has demonstrated the greater effectiveness of As in eliciting personal information from distrustful subjects. Although such an ability was cited by Whitehorn and Betz to account for the greater effectiveness of the As with schizophrenics in their study, the later studies suggest wider applications of the A-B distinction beyond the traditional therapy situation to other helping relationships.…”

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confidence: 97%

A-B type and the relationship between police officers and ghetto citizens

Lynch

1974

Community Ment Health J

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“…Some of the more apparent limitations of the specific data arise from the particular sample studied. While the interactions were sampled from S's who had actual ongoing mutual helping relationships, and were not simulated paper-and-pencil interactions or role-playing, which predominate in studies of A-B process difference (Berzins & Seidman, 1968;Carson et al, 1964;Kemp, 1966Kemp, , 1969Kemp & Carson, 1967), the interactions in the pres-ent study were not samples of ongoing counseling with the relevant client groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%