A 90-day subchronic toxicity study of nivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin, in F344 rats

Takahashi, Miwa; Shibutani, Makoto; Sugita-Konishi, Yoshiko; Aihara, Masahiko; Inoue, Kaoru; Woo, Gye‐Hyeong; Fujimoto, Hitoshi; Hirose, Masao

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.07.005

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…level in A-F heifers agrees with the observation described by Swamy et al (2002) in swine fed grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins (mainly DON and fusaric acid). The same increase in plasma Cl was observed in rats (Takahashi et al, 2008), as a sign of subchronic toxicity from a nivalenol contamination. In our growing heifers, this change was accompanied by a decrease in Ca and P concentrations (Table 3), but the statistical constraints in this trial did not allow it to reach a significant difference.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Effects of two different blends of naturally mycotoxin-contaminated maize meal on growth and metabolic profile in replacement heifers

Abeni

Migliorati

Terzano

et al. 2014

Animal

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The aim of this trial was to assess the effects of the administration of different combinations of mycotoxins in naturally contaminated maize grains on dairy heifer growth, blood measurements and puberty onset. A total of 35 Friesian female heifers were randomly allotted to three experimental groups from 18-21 to 42-45 weeks of age. During the 24-week experimental period (EP), heifers were fed the same diet, but with maize meal derived from three differently contaminated lots: very low contamination, as control (C); medium-low aflatoxin-contaminated (A); and mixed aflatoxin-fumonisin contaminated (A-F). At the end of the EP, they returned to a common diet without contaminated maize, and they were monitored for an additional period of 12 weeks (postexperimental period, PEP). BW, wither height, hip height, body length and heart girth were measured every 4 weeks from the beginning of EP to the end of PEP. At the same time, body condition score was evaluated and blood samples were taken from the jugular vein to be analysed for haematological, serum protein and metabolic profiles. Age at puberty was assessed by measuring weekly plasma progesterone levels from 40 to 52 weeks of age. Body growth measurements were processed both by ANOVA of average daily gain of EP and PEP separately, and by the analysis of growth curve parameters. Haematological, serum protein and metabolic profile were evaluated using a mixed model, taking into account the repeated measurements in time on each animal. Heifers' growth was delayed both in A and A-F groups during EP, as evidenced by the different linear coefficients of the BW growth curve in the three groups. Differently contaminated diets did not affect the haematological profile, so that it can be concluded that these levels of mycotoxin contamination do not determine any specific effect on haematopoiesis and immunity in growing heifers. The main blood marker of mycotoxin chronic toxicity was the γ-glutamyl transferase activity level in plasma, which appeared to be altered even after the removal of mycotoxins. During EP, plasma glucose was lower in the groups fed contaminated diet compared with C. The joint actions of an altered nutritional status and a long-lasting liver damage were probably the causes of the delay in puberty attainment in A and, particularly, in the A-F group. The results from this trial evidenced that a chronic aflatoxin-fumonisin contamination in diets of dairy heifers can determine an important delay in the reproductive career of these animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Effects of two different blends of naturally mycotoxin-contaminated maize meal on growth and metabolic profile in replacement heifers

Abeni

Migliorati

Terzano

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…Additionally, co-contamination with DON and NIV is common (41,42,50,51). More importantly, NIV is reported to be more toxic to animals than is DON (33,40,44). Therefore, control of FHB and of DON and NIV contamination is essential for wheat production in Japan.…”

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confidence: 96%

Effect of the Timing of Fungicide Application on Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Contamination in Wheat

et al. 2012

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Yoshida, M., Nakajima, T, Tomimura, K., Suzuki, F., Arai, M., and Miyasaka, A. 2012. Effect of the timing of fungicide application on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin contamination in wheat. Plant Dis. 96:845-851.Fungicide application to control Fusarium head blight (FHB) and accompanying mycotoxin contamination in wheat is generally performed at anthesis because wheat is most susceptible to FHB around this stage. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the timing of fungicide application on FHB and mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol and nivalenol) accumulation in wheat based on our previous finding that the late period of grain development (beyond 20 days after anthesis [DAA]) is important to determine the final toxin contamination level in wheat. Thiophanate-methyl fungicide was tested under artificial inoculation conditions in which moisture and inoculum spores were provided throughout the testing period. Eight treatments differing in application timing (anthesis, 10, 20, and 30 DAA) and in the number of applications (0 to 2) were tested for 2 years. The results indicated that fungicide application timing differentially affects FHB (disease) and mycotoxin concentration. Fungicide application at 20 DAA reduced mycotoxin concentration in matured grain without reducing FHB severity, whereas application at anthesis was crucial for reducing FHB. These results and our previous findings suggest that around 20 DAA (late milk stage) is a potentially critical timing for mycotoxin control in wheat.Fusarium head blight (FHB), a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley, and other small-grain cereals, is caused by several Fusarium spp. (17,18,26,29). These pathogens infect spikes and reduce grain yield and quality. Moreover, Fusarium spp. that cause FHB produce trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) and the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone. Such mycotoxins are toxic to humans and other animals. Contamination of wheat and barley by these mycotoxins has been reported worldwide (31,41,42).The Fusarium graminearum species complex (23)(24)(25)37,46)

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“…NIV is also a prevalent mycotoxin in Asia and Europe, which commonly cooccurs with DON (6,13). Importantly, NIV is more toxic to animal cells than DON (14,15), and the levels of NIV in Japan and South Korea are often comparable to or higher than the level of DON (13,15).…”

Section: T He Plant Pathogen Fusarium Graminearum and Several Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Cytochrome P450 System Catabolizing the Fusarium Toxin Deoxynivalenol

Ito

Sato

Ishizaka

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a natural toxin of fungi that cause Fusarium head blight disease of wheat and other small-grain cereals. DON accumulates in infected grains and promotes the spread of the infection on wheat, posing serious problems to grain production. The elucidation of DON-catabolic genes and enzymes in DON-degrading microbes will provide new approaches to decrease DON contamination. Here, we report a cytochrome P450 system capable of catabolizing DON in Sphingomonas sp. strain KSM1, a DON-utilizing bacterium newly isolated from lake water. The P450 gene ddnA was cloned through an activity-based screening of a KSM1 genomic library. The genes of its redox partner candidates (flavin adenine dinucleotide [FAD]-dependent ferredoxin reductase and mitochondrial-type [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin) were not found adjacent to ddnA; the redox partner candidates were further cloned separately based on conserved motifs. The DON-catabolic activity was reconstituted in vitro in an electron transfer chain comprising the three enzymes and NADH, with a catalytic efficiency (k cat /K m ) of 6.4 mM ؊1 s ؊1 . The reaction product was identified as 16-hydroxy-deoxynivalenol. A bioassay using wheat seedlings revealed that the hydroxylation dramatically reduced the toxicity of DON to wheat. The enzyme system showed similar catalytic efficiencies toward nivalenol and 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol, toxins that frequently cooccur with DON. These findings identify an enzyme system that catabolizes DON, leading to reduced phytotoxicity to wheat.

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A 90-day subchronic toxicity study of nivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin, in F344 rats

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of two different blends of naturally mycotoxin-contaminated maize meal on growth and metabolic profile in replacement heifers

Effects of two different blends of naturally mycotoxin-contaminated maize meal on growth and metabolic profile in replacement heifers

Effect of the Timing of Fungicide Application on Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Contamination in Wheat

Bacterial Cytochrome P450 System Catabolizing the Fusarium Toxin Deoxynivalenol

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