A 75% insulin lispro/25% NPL mixture provides a longer duration of insulin activity compared with insulin lispro alone in patients with Type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Compared with LP, HM provided similar glycaemic control for up to 5 h and superior glycaemic control from 5 to 7 h following a standard test meal.

Toward Better Understanding of Insulin Therapy by Translation of a PK‐PD Model to Visualize Insulin and Glucose Action Profiles

“…18 At the study site, patients began receiving a human regular U-100 insulin infusion intravenously, with the infusion adjusted to maintain a blood glucose concentration of 135 ± 15 mg/dL for at least 1 hour prior to the study insulin, and the insulin infusion was discontinued 15 minutes following the injection of the study insulin. 18 This procedure to normalize baseline glucose was repeated at the start of each study period. Subjects were administered a single dose of subcutaneous insulin at each testing occasion, and if a study involved more than 1 administration (ie, crossover study design), an adequate duration in the form of a washout period was ensured between doses to preclude carryover concentration effects between study periods for the exogenous insulin(s).…”

“…18 After subcutaneous insulin administration, a standard test meal of 770 kcal, consisting of approximately 57% carbohydrate (110 g), 14% protein, and 29% fat, was provided by the study site. 18 During the study with insulin U-500R, 19 insulin treatment was stabilized over 24 weeks in patients with T2DM, and U-500R was administered subcutaneously prior to a standard morning meal containing 374 kcal, consisting of 75 g of carbohydrate, Figure 1. Schematic representation of the subcutaneous insulin PK model linked to the IGI model.…”

“…20 Blood samples for the determination of glucose and serum immunoreactive insulin concentrations, if specified in the study protocol, were collected frequently at intervals covering the duration of meal(s). 18,20,21 Plasma glucose concentrations were measured by a central laboratory using standard assays. Total (bound and unbound) insulin concentrations were determined by validated radioimmunoassays that were commercially available at the time the study was conducted.…”

“…Insulin concentrations collected from patients with T1DM were assumed to reflect the subcutaneous insulin administered because inclusion criteria for study participation stipulated that patients have a fasting C-peptide concentration of <0.9 ng/mL. 18 The discrimination between insulin derived from subcutaneous insulin administration and endogenously secreted insulin in healthy volunteers or patients with T2DM to determine subcutaneous insulin PK has been discussed previously. 10 Insulin PK Model Linked to IGI Model A PK model to describe insulin concentrations following subcutaneous administration of various insulin formulations was previously developed and validated.…”

Insulin and Oral Antidiabetic Agents

“…Non-Sulfonylurea Secretagogues 35 An intermediate, or long-acting insulin may be required to maintain glycemic control during the day. 35 The addition of insulin to oral hypoglycemic therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes has been shown to enhance glycemic control, especially in patients in whom combination oral therapy has failed and those who have developed resistance to insulin. As type 2 diabetes progresses, insulin serum levels become insufficient to compensate for insulin resistance.…”