A 60day double-blind, placebo-controlled safety study involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract

Kaats, Gilbert R.; Miller, Howard B.; Preuss, Harry G.; Stohs, Sidney J.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.013

Cited by 48 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recently, the safety of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) consumption was assessed in a 60-d doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial (134). p-Synephrine, which is the primary protoalkaloid in bitter orange, given alone or in combination with naringin and hesperidin twice daily to 25 healthy subjects per group showed no significant changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressures, blood chemistries, or blood cell counts in the control or p-synephrine-treated groups (134).…”

Section: Clinical Findings For Citrus Fruit Juices and Their Active Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Citrus Flavonoids, Naringin and Naringenin, on Metabolic Syndrome and Their Mechanisms of Action

Alam¹,

Subhan²,

Rahman³

et al. 2014

Advances in Nutrition

596

340

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Flavonoids are important natural compounds with diverse biologic activities. Citrus flavonoids constitute an important series of flavonoids. Naringin and its aglycone naringenin belong to this series of flavonoids and were found to display strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Several lines of investigation suggest that naringin supplementation is beneficial for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. A number of molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial activities have been elucidated. However, their effect on obesity and metabolic disorder remains to be fully established. Moreover, the therapeutic uses of these flavonoids are significantly limited by the lack of adequate clinical evidence. This review aims to explore the biologic activities of these compounds, particularly on lipid metabolism in obesity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in context of metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Clinical Findings For Citrus Fruit Juices and Their Active Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Citrus Flavonoids, Naringin and Naringenin, on Metabolic Syndrome and Their Mechanisms of Action

Alam¹,

Subhan²,

Rahman³

et al. 2014

Advances in Nutrition

596

340

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1][2][3] Kaats et al 4 have shown that consumption of 98 mg p-synephrine per day for 60 days by human subjects was without adverse effects on blood pressure, heart rate, blood chemistry, or blood cell counts as compared to placebo controls. Other studies have found that p-synephrine facilitated weight loss and improved weight management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased eating control and energy levels associated with consumption of bitter orange (<em>p</em>-synephrine) extract: a randomized placebo-controlled study

Kaats¹,

Leckie²,

Mrvichin³

et al. 2017

NDS

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Using a placebo-controlled double-blinded 30-day protocol, 40 overweight adults were asked to consume a chocolate-flavored chew 15-30 min before their two largest meals of the day. The chews contained either a placebo or an "active" product (100 mg of a bitter orange extract, standardized to 51.5 mg p-synephrine). Subjects completed a 13-item Weight Control Support Scale (WCSS) containing eating control, energy level, and palatability subscales daily throughout the study. All 40 subjects completed the study. No adverse effects were reported in either the placebo or active groups. As compared to placebo, subjects consuming the active product reported statistically more (p≤0.001) positive responses on the WCSS as well as on each of the three subscales. This study suggests that, as compared to a placebo control, consuming a chew containing bitter orange extract (51.5 mg p-synephrine) 15-30 min before the two largest meals of the day resulted in a statistically significant greater and more positive response to eating/appetite control and a weight-control support scale.

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“…According to Hansen et al 7 doses of up to 100 mg of synephrine per kg body weight did not show any toxicity on embryo development. Kaats et al 8 reported that 98 mg/day usage of synephrine appeared to be without adverse effects. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a very well-known and easily accessible antioxidant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Thermal Treatment on Synephrine, Ascorbic Acid and Sugar Content of Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Juice

Eroglu¹,

Baysal²,

Ünlü³

et al. 2017

IJPER

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A 60day double-blind, placebo-controlled safety study involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract

Cited by 48 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of Citrus Flavonoids, Naringin and Naringenin, on Metabolic Syndrome and Their Mechanisms of Action

Effect of Citrus Flavonoids, Naringin and Naringenin, on Metabolic Syndrome and Their Mechanisms of Action

Increased eating control and energy levels associated with consumption of bitter orange (<em>p</em>-synephrine) extract: a randomized placebo-controlled study

Effect of Thermal Treatment on Synephrine, Ascorbic Acid and Sugar Content of Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Juice

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