A 6 month-long real-time time scale steered to NIM-Sr1 optical lattice clock

Abstract

NIM-Sr1 optical lattice clock has been operated intermittently for seven consecutive months with an operation uptime around 13.8%, which serves as the reference to steer a hydrogen maser for generating a real-time time scale TS(Sr1). The peak-to-peak time difference of TS(Sr1) compared to UTC is 1.8 ns within 180 d and is less than 0.5 ns within the last month, after correcting the time error induced by a time transfer link abnormality. A dedicated automation system with hardware and software is developed to monitor the operation status of NIM-Sr1, process the measurement data, and periodically predict the hydrogen maser frequency. According to the simulation results, a composite algorithm based on both Kalman filtering (KF) and weighted least squares fitting (WLSF) is utilized for generating TS(Sr1). The KF is utilized when the unavailability of NIM-Sr1 is shorter than 1 d, and the WLSF with fitting interval T fit = 30 d is utilized in other conditions leveraging the long-term predictability of the hydrogen maser. In addition, it is demonstrated by simulation and the post-processing of earlier experimental data that, a time scale with smaller time error can be achieved by shortening the WLSF interval from 30 d to about 5 d under the condition of sufficient measurement data points for reducing the statistical error.