A 53 year seasonally resolved oxygen and carbon isotope record from a modern Gibraltar speleothem: Reconstructed drip water and relationship to local precipitation

Mattey, D. P.; Lowry, David; Duffet, J.; Fisher, Rebecca E.; Hodge, Ed; Frisia, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.051

Cited by 234 publications

(160 citation statements)

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“…6 (circles); drip discharge (filled triangles); surface temperature measured at Gibraltar's RAFMO station (crosses) and continuously logged cave air temperature (grey line); surface water excess (blue -positive, red -negative) calculated by subtracting potential evapotranspiration (E) from total monthly rainfall (GNIP data). We calculated E according to the method of Thornthwaite (1948), following Mattey et al (2008), with heat index values and reduction factors taken from Patra (2001). Cave monitoring data were originally published by Mattey et al (2010;2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(i) Several studies (e.g., Polyak and Asmerom, 2001;Proctor et al, 2000) employed stalagmite growth rate itself as a palaeoclimate proxy and others have described seasonally variable stable isotope ratios (e.g., Johnson et al, 2006;Mattey et al, 2008) and trace element concentrations (e.g., in stalagmites that potentially result from cave ventilation dynamics and/or karst hydrological processes, both of which also affect stalagmite growth. (ii) High vertical extension rates are conducive to generating highresolution geochemical proxy datasets from stalagmites, yet to-date few studies have characterised stalagmite growth on intra-annual to decadal timescales and its implications for geochemical climate signal capture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(ii) High vertical extension rates are conducive to generating highresolution geochemical proxy datasets from stalagmites, yet to-date few studies have characterised stalagmite growth on intra-annual to decadal timescales and its implications for geochemical climate signal capture. (iii) Seasonal growth rate fluctuations potentially bias net proxy signals towards the season favourable to deposition (Baldini et al, 2008;Banner et al, 2007;Fairchild et al, 2006;Frisia et al, 2000;Mattey et al, 2008;Spötl et al, 2005). (iv) Growth rate variability may be related to climate signal modification by other processes, such as biomass change above the cave (e.g., Baldini et al, 2005) and surface and epikarst hydrology Bradley et al, 2010;Darling, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing modern stalagmite growth from cave monitoring, local meteorology, and experimental measurements of dripwater films

Baker

Mattey

Baldini

2014

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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. (2014) 'Reconstructing modern stalagmite growth from cave monitoring, local meteorology, and experimental measurements of dripwater lms.', Earth and planetary science letters., 392 . pp. 239-249. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.02.036Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be re ected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A de nitive version was subsequently published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 392, 15 April 2014, 10.1016/j.epsl.2014 Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractInterpretations of high-resolution proxy datasets from stalagmites require support from longterm cave monitoring data and quantified changes in sample growth rate. One cave site for which the modern climate signal transfer systematics are relatively well characterised by cave monitoring is New St Michael's Cave, Gibraltar. This site provides a rare opportunity to reconstruct modern calcite growth, to link growth with the cave environment and local climate, and to test the sufficiency of existing growth rate theory on monthly to inter-annual timescales. Here, we use a numerical time-series growth rate model, driven by cave monitoring and local meteorological data, and the results of an experimental investigation into variation in dripwater film thickness as a function of stalagmite apex morphology to reconstruct the modern growth (AD 1951(AD -2004 of 'Gib04a', a stalagmite retrieved from New St Michael's Cave. Our experimental measurements demonstrate that dripwater film thickness decreases linearly with increasing stalagmite curvature and that the presence of millimetre-scale surface microtopography reduces film thickness by an order of magnitude. We identified changes in growth laminae curvature from a Gib04a cut section to determine film thickness variability through time and combined this with estimated dripwater [Ca 2+ ] and cave air pCO 2 seasonality to drive the model. Our reconstruction exhibits strong seasonality and tracks variability in calcite [Sr 2+ ], a trace metal whose incorporation into calcite is partially growth rate-controlled. Reconstructed growth also shows co-variation with seasonal changes in calc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing modern stalagmite growth from cave monitoring, local meteorology, and experimental measurements of dripwater films

Baker

Mattey

Baldini

2014

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…An important application was the detection of the atmospheric 14 C bomb peak imprinted in stalagmites Massault 1997, 1999;Genty et al 1998;Mattey et al 2008;Smith et al 2009), which allowed the possibility to investigate the carbon transfer dynamics of the soil and karst above caves. Furthermore, the condition of carbonate dissolution could be derived by the proportion of the dead carbon (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites

2011

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ABSTRACT. The imprint of the radiocarbon bomb peak was detected in the top of stalagmite ER-77 from Grotta di Ernesto (NE Italy). This recently grown stalagmite reveals a reservoir age, also known as dead carbon fraction (dcf), of ~1050 14 C yr, or 12%. By applying a 14 C soil-karst model, the age spectrum of soil organic matter (SOM) as well as the CO 2 contribution of the single SOM reservoirs to the total soil CO 2 can be derived. Under the assumption of constant vegetation, meaning both vegetation density and the age spectrum of SOM, it is possible to derive the soil-air 14 C activity of the past using the 14 C calibration curve (IntCal04). Hence, it is also possible to calculate an artificial stalagmite 14 C data set covering the last 25,000 yr with parameters determined for stalagmite ER-77. With this artificially constructed data set, we derived the hypothetical atmospheric 14 C activity by using the common method of applying a constant dcf on the modeled 14 C data set of the stalagmite. This theoretical approach allows to analyze the impact of a constant and variable SOM age spectrum on atmospheric 14 C reconstructions performed with real stalagmite 14 C measurements. We observe deviations between IntCal04 and the atmospheric 14 C activity as derived with our modeled 14 C data set, which are larger for older SOM than for younger SOM and vary in time up to 2 pMC, depending on the strength of the variations in the atmospheric 14 C level. This value is comparable with the 1- uncertainty given by IntCal04 for the last glacial. For a varying SOM age spectrum, the deviations between the calibration curve and 14 C level of the atmosphere reconstructed with a stalagmite exceed 3 pMC, which is larger than the 1- uncertainty of IntCal04. In general, the SOM has smoothing, shifting, and 14 C-depleting effects on the stalagmite 14 C record and, therefore, on the stalagmite-derived atmospheric 14 C activity. In this study, changes in soil-air pCO 2 and carbonate dissolution conditions, which have also an important impact on the 14 C record of a stalagmite, are not accounted for.

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“…The anthropogenic S-peak is a very prominent feature in ER78 stalagmite, as well as in the 555 record from Austrian stalagmite Obi84 (Wynn et al, 2010) The anthropogenic S-peak is complementary to the 14 C bomb peak, which is used to date the 562 modern portion of speleothems (Genty and Massault, 1999;Mattey et al, 2008). With respect to the S-563 peak, the 14 C bomb peak has the advantage of an initial rise around year 1958, which provides a 564 reliable marker for dating and correlation (Hodge et al, 2014).…”

Section: Sites Description Data Sources and Methods 219 220mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphate concentration in cave dripwater and speleothems: long-term trends and overview of its significance as proxy for environmental processes and climate changes

Borsato

Frisia

Wynn

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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18 19Sulphate concentration in speleothems identifies major volcanic eruptions, provide useful information 20 on soil and aquifer dynamics and, similarity to the 14 C bomb peak, its Anthropocene peak can be used 21 to date recent cave formations. However, the transmission of S from the atmosphere to cave dripwater 22 and its incorporation in speleothems is subjected to biogeochemical cycling and accurate studies of 23

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A 53 year seasonally resolved oxygen and carbon isotope record from a modern Gibraltar speleothem: Reconstructed drip water and relationship to local precipitation

Cited by 234 publications

References 43 publications

Reconstructing modern stalagmite growth from cave monitoring, local meteorology, and experimental measurements of dripwater films

Reconstructing modern stalagmite growth from cave monitoring, local meteorology, and experimental measurements of dripwater films

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites

Sulphate concentration in cave dripwater and speleothems: long-term trends and overview of its significance as proxy for environmental processes and climate changes

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A 53 year seasonally resolved oxygen and carbon isotope record from a modern Gibraltar speleothem: Reconstructed drip water and relationship to local precipitation

Cited by 234 publications

References 43 publications

Reconstructing modern stalagmite growth from cave monitoring, local meteorology, and experimental measurements of dripwater films

Reconstructing modern stalagmite growth from cave monitoring, local meteorology, and experimental measurements of dripwater films

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric 14C Levels Via Stalagmites

Sulphate concentration in cave dripwater and speleothems: long-term trends and overview of its significance as proxy for environmental processes and climate changes

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The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites