A 50-year follow-up of the incidence of multiple sclerosis in Hordaland County, Norway

Grytten, Nina; Sb, Glad; Aarseth, J. H.; Nyland, H.; Midgard, Rune; Km, Myhr

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000195549.95448.b9

Cited by 105 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The importance of improved survival on the observed increase in prevalence was also supported by the shift towards an older age distribution of the present 2013 prevalence cohort compared with the prevalence reported in the 2003 study. 16 A change in age distribution has also previously been reported from Canada and the UK. 11 22 Given the stable incidence rate, the higher ages in the cohort probably relate to improved survival either due to disease-modifying therapies or attributed to a general increase in life expectancy during the last decades.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Thus, the follow-up identified undiagnosed patients who had symptom onset prior to 1 January 2003 and illustrates that the prevalence is rising and most interestingly, that the date for study termination has a major impact on prevalence. The rise in prevalence is a consequence of the underestimated prevalence reported previously 16 due to the time delay between onset and diagnosis. However, the time delay between onset and diagnosis is decreasing and consequently, the methodological issue of underestimated prevalence will probably be reduced in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia

Alshanqiti¹,

Alotaibi²,

Alahmed³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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This study aimed at detecting a rough estimation of the prevalence of multiple sclerosis among citizens of Saudi Arabia. Methodology:It is a cross sectional study purposed to estimate the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in KSA in 2016. It involved 633 individual from the society of Saudi Arabia. Results and conclusion:Most of the respondents (68.1%)were female, Also most of them (47.1%) aged between (20-24) , (94.5%) of them were Saudi national, the largest proportion of them (34.4%) live in the eastern region, (69.8%) of them hold a university degree, and (57.7%) of the respondents are single. Also, we found out that (66.2%) of the respondents don't know if they have MS or not, while (64.1%) of them don't have relatives suffer from MS, as (24.3%) of the relatives who suffer from MS were cousins, and the most common suspicious symptom of MS was Fatigue Exhaustion as (6.8%) of the respondents have that symptom, also (96.4%) of the respondents don't suffer from immune diseases, and most of those who suffer from immune diseases (26.1%) suffer from eczema. Also, (86.1%) of the respondents don't suffer from Genetics diseases, while(18.2%) of the respondents who suffer from Genetic disease suffer from diabetes, and (71.7) of the respondents who suffer MS are females, while 49.1%) of the respondents who suffer MS aged between 25-35, (84.9%) of the respondents who suffer MS are Saudi national, and (39.6%) of the respondents who suffer MS live in the Objectives:-Central region, as (73.6%) of the respondents who suffer MS hold a university degree. The analysis illustrated that (64.2%) of the respondents who suffer from MS don't have relatives suffer from MS, and (33. ISSN: 2320-5407Int. J. Adv. Res. 4(12), 1581-1600 1582 (83.0%) of the respondents who suffer from MS don't suffer from immune diseases, and (22.2 %) of the respondents who suffer from MS and immune diseases suffer from rhumatic fever or erthymatosis, as (96.2%) of the respondents who suffer from MS don't suffer from Genetic disease, and (50%) of the respondents who suffer from MS and Genetics disease suffer from diabetes or hypertension. The results of analysis illustrated that there were statistically significant differences between those with and without MS as regard to age, nationality and the region (P<0.05), while there were no statistically significant differences as regard to gender, education and marital status(P>0.05). Also, MS was more prevalent between 25 and 30 years (49.1%), in Saudi nation (84.9%) and the central region (39.6%). Also, there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (P <0.05), in the prevalence of MS in the relatives of the patients with and without MS in favor of no prevalence of MS in the relatives of (64.1%) patients with and without of respondents, We found that there were statistically significant differences between those with and without MS as regard to absence of suspicious symptoms of MS of Weakness in arm or leg, Loss of Balance and Anxiety (P<0.05), while there were no statistically sign...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia

Alshanqiti¹,

Alotaibi²,

Alahmed³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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“…Hordaland County was chosen as geographic area for the survey because it is a county for which the files at the Multiple Sclerosis National Competence Center are assumed to be especially complete, in that they contain all persons in the county with a MS-diagnosis according to the Poser criteria (Grytten et al, 2006). These persons can be said to comprise the total MS-population, or the population of registered MS-patients in Hordaland County.…”

Section: Methods Materials and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cost of Multiple Sclerosis in Norway - (and How Certain Can We Be?)

et al. 2006

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The research question initially formulated for this study was to attempt to set a numerical target for the total yearly cost of MS to the Norwegian society, and relate the cost and patients´ experienced quality of life to illness severity. As work progressed, the question of how much confidence may be put in this kind of information in Norway as for today turned into another main issue. It turned out that much of the information that could be used for our study was so imprecise or unreliable that giving an impression that the information could be used to give an acceptably precise single estimate of the cost of MS to the Norwegian society would be seriously misleading. Therefore both "conservative" and "best" estimates are given. A conservative estimate of the yearly cost of MS to the Norwegian society around year 2002 is NOK 1 836 million. A best estimate is NOK 4 033 million, more than twice the conservative estimate. Mainly three factors account for the difference between the estimates: Uncertainty on what elements should be included in cost-of-illness studies, uncertainty on how some cost elements should be valued, and a combination of differences in information on the same phenomena in different sources of information and the researchers´ choices on how to handle them. For decision making purposes the combined effect of differences in information from different sources and the researchers´ choices on how to handle them is most grave since it will usually go unrecognized.

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“…This has been evaluated as genetic variations between populations. It is, however, closer at hands to point to nutritional variations, which in itself may explain why MS in Norway earlier on was a typical inland phenomenon, and now the last 50-70 years just as common in the coastal areas [14]. It seems that behaviour and "Way of life" may be important as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Are Mast Cells the Key to Multiple Sclerosis?

Krüger¹

2015

J Mult Scler (Foster City)

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Mast cells are not present in the normal and unaffected human brain [1], but were observed in the brains of MS patient 1890 [2]. From recent observations, it seems that all symptoms we recognize in MS may be explained by the presence of these cells.The numbers of mast cells in the plaque border zones of females is twice as high as in males [3]. This fact may explain why MS is more abundant in females than men [4].Stimulated mast cells secrete histamine, and histamine evokes oedema formation which is frequently registered in MS.Stimulated mast cells even secrete proteases. Mast cell proteases dissolves myelin [5], and demyelination is of course the most serious and MS-defining effect of the mast cells. A strong association between mast cells and MS is further strengthened by the fact that elevated mast cell tryptase is observed in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients [6], as well as the observation that mast cell transcripts are increased within and outside multiple sclerosis lesions [7].Mast cells recover after depletion of their granular contents (e.g., histamine and protease) [8] which may explain the relapsing remitting periods that often characterize the disease; Massive stimulation of the mast cells: (relapsing), and then the silent period (remitting) when the cells recover and build up capacity for another relapse.The theory that mast cells influence the development of MS is fascinating close and simple to follow, and all the more should, at least from a theoretical point of view, be easy to challenge since we have mast cell blockers, and also antihistamines that may block the histamine opening up of BB-barrier, and thus hopefully stop secretagoques, what ever they are, to stimulate the perivascular mast cells.

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A 50-year follow-up of the incidence of multiple sclerosis in Hordaland County, Norway

Cited by 105 publications

References 29 publications

Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia

The Cost of Multiple Sclerosis in Norway - (and How Certain Can We Be?)

Are Mast Cells the Key to Multiple Sclerosis?

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