A 5‐year (2000–2004) epidemiological survey of <i>Candida</i> and non‐<i>Candida</i> yeast species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis in Graz, Austria

Paulitsch, Astrid; Weger, Wolfgang; Ginter‐Hanselmayer, Gabriele; Marth, Egon; Buzina, Walter

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01284.x

Cited by 88 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…pregnant and in 15% of non-pregnant women (Kubota,1998) and Candida albicans infection occurs in vast majority (80 to 90%) of diagnosed true vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) cases (Boselli et al, 2004). Among the Candida species causing infections, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis account for 80 to 90% of fungal isolates encountered worldwide (Paulitsch, 2006;CDC, 2010). Candida krusei was also reported as the second most common agent of VVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and comparison for detection methods of Candida species in vaginal specimens from pregnant and non pregnant Saudi women

Alakeel¹,

El-Kersh²,

Al‐Sheikh³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Pregnancy represents a risk factor in the occurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis. To investigate the prevalence rate of vaginal carriage of Candida species in Saudi pregnant and non-pregnant women, high vaginal swab (HVS) specimens (707) were examined by direct microscopy (10% KOH and Giemsa staining) and parallel cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) as well as on "CHROM agar Candida" medium. As expected, Candida-positive cultures were frequently observed in pregnant-test group (24%) than in non-pregnant group (17%). The frequency of culture positive was correlated to pregnancy (P=0.047), parity (P=0.001), use of contraceptive (P=0.146), or antibiotics (P=0.128), and diabetic-patients (P<0.0001). Out of 707 HVS examined specimens, 157 specimens were yeast-positive culture (22%) on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar or "CHROM agar Candida". In comparison, the sensitivities of the direct 10% KOH and the Giemsa stain microscopic examination methods were 84% (132/157) and 95% (149/157) respectively but both with 100% specificity. As for the identity of recovered 157 yeast isolates, based on API 20C biotype carbohydrate assimilation, germ tube and chlamydospore formation, C. albicans and C. glabrata constitute 80.3 and 12.7% respectively. Whereas rates of C. tropicalis, C. kefyr, C. famata or C. utilis were 2.6, 1.3, and 0.6% respectively. Sachromyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa yeasts were also encountered at a frequency of 1.3 and 0.6% respectively. Finally, among all recovered 157 yeast-isolates, strains resistant to ketoconazole were not detected, whereas 5% of the C. albicans and as high as 55% of the non-albicans yeast isolates (majority C. glabrata) showed resistance to fluconazole. Our findings may prove helpful for continuous determination of the existing vaginal candidiasis causative species during pregnancy, its lab-diagnosis and/or control and possible measures to minimize the incidence of the disease-associated pre-term delivery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and comparison for detection methods of Candida species in vaginal specimens from pregnant and non pregnant Saudi women

Alakeel¹,

El-Kersh²,

Al‐Sheikh³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…Current literature examining the species distribution of Candida isolates involved in VVC is limited; however, several important observations have been made. For example, one study shows that Candida albicans accounts for 70 to 90% of all VVC cases, with a recent emergence of nonalbicans species (10). The rise in VVC infections, more specifically in those caused by non-albicans species, could be due to several factors, ranging from an increase in over-the-counter antifungal use to an increase in high-risk patient populations (i.e., diabetics and menopausal women).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rise in VVC infections, more specifically in those caused by non-albicans species, could be due to several factors, ranging from an increase in over-the-counter antifungal use to an increase in high-risk patient populations (i.e., diabetics and menopausal women). Candida glabrata is the primary non-albicans species emerging in VVC, accounting for up to 14% of infections in immune-competent women (9,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Survey of Vaginal-Flora Candida Species Isolates from Women of Different Age Groups by Use of Species-Specific PCR Detection

et al. 2008

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A retrospective survey of 93,775 samples testing positive in Candida species-specific PCR tests performed on cervicovaginal swabs over a 4-year period demonstrated consistent yearly distributions of Candida albicans (89%), C. glabrata (7.9%), C. parapsilosis (1.7%), and C. tropicalis (1.4%). However, the species distributions among different age groups revealed increases in the percentages of non-albicans species with increases in age.Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common fungal infection that affects healthy women of all ages. At least 75% of women will develop one or more infections once during their lifetime, with 5 to 8% of those individuals developing recurrent infections (5, 7). Current literature examining the species distribution of Candida isolates involved in VVC is limited; however, several important observations have been made. For example, one study shows that Candida albicans accounts for 70 to 90% of all VVC cases, with a recent emergence of nonalbicans species (10). The rise in VVC infections, more specifically in those caused by non-albicans species, could be due to several factors, ranging from an increase in over-the-counter antifungal use to an increase in high-risk patient populations (i.e., diabetics and menopausal women). Candida glabrata is the primary non-albicans species emerging in VVC, accounting for up to 14% of infections in immune-competent women (9, 10).In addition to an increase in non-albicans species overall, it is becoming clear that certain patient populations may experience higher risks of infection from these non-albicans species, often leading to limited treatment options. Interestingly, in a few small studies, C. glabrata was found to be the primary species isolated from diabetic (61.3%) and elderly (51.2%) patients with VVC (2, 4, 6, 11). Often, these non-albicans species are associated with elevated MIC levels for the azoles, the most commonly prescribed class of antifungal drugs. It has been well documented that C. glabrata demonstrates both intrinsically low susceptibility to the azoles and the ability to develop frank resistance (8,12,13,14,15,16). Moreover, a recent increase in the trailing phenotype, with low-level resistance to the azoles, has been observed for the Candida tropicalis isolates (1, 3). This highlights the importance of identifying Candida species within clinical samples in order to provide physicians with information concerning the proper treatment for their patients.

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“…A candidíase ou candidose vulvovaginal atinge, pelo menos uma vez, aproximadamente 75% das mulheres sexualmente ativas, sendo que, destas, metade desenvolverá um segundo episódio e 5% terão vulvovaginite recorrente (mais de 4 episódios por ano) [1][2][3][4] . Observa-se uma associação entre a presença de lactobacilos na vagina e a redução do desenvolvimento de candidíase vulvovaginal.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Lactobacillus rhamnosus pode alterar a virulência de Candida albicans

Leão¹,

Silva²,

Santos³

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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ResumoOBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência de Lactobacillus rhamnosus na expressão dos fatores de virulência de Candida albicans in vitro. MÉTODOS: Uma suspensão de L. rhamnosus foi inicialmente cultivada em ágar MRS. No dia seguinte, foi adicionado ágar Sabouraud dextrose sobre o crescimento dos lactobacilos e C. albicans foi cultivada, por 24, 48 e 72 horas. As cepas de Candida foram então isoladas para investigação da capacidade de formação de biofilme, por meio do cultivo em placas de 96 poços e leitura das densidades ópticas e contagem de unidades formadoras de colônia por mL (UFC/mL). Também se investigou a capacidade de formação de tubo germinativo, após incubação em soro de cavalo e contagem em 200 células. Os resultados foram comparados aos observados nas cepas de Candida cultivadas na ausência de L. rhamnosus, utilizando o teste t de Student para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Observou-se uma redução significativa no crescimento de C. albicans na presença de lactobacilos após 24, 48 ou 72 horas. Também foi observada redução significativa na formação de tubo germinativo após a interação por 48 ou 72 horas. Quanto à formação de biofilme, não foi observada diferença significante entre as cepas de Candida cultivadas na presença ou na ausência de lactobacilos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que L. rhamnosus é capaz de influenciar significativamente o crescimento e a expressão de fatores de virulência de C. albicans in vitro, podendo interferir na patogenicidade desses micro-organismos. Abstract PURPOSE:To investigate the influence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the expression of virulence factors of Candida albicans in vitro. METHODS: A suspension of L. rhamnosus was initially grown in MRS agar. The other day, Sabouraud dextrose agar was added on the growth of lactobacilli and C. albicans was seeded for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Candida strains were then isolated for investigation of the ability of biofilm formation, by means of cultivation into 96 wells plaque, and reading the optical densities and counting colony forming units per mL. Also the ability of germ tube formation was investigated, after incubation in horse serum and counting of 200 cells. The results were compared to Candida strains grown in the absence of L. rhamnosus, using Student's t test for statistical analysis. RESULTS: there was a significant reduction in the growth of C. albicans in the presence of lactobacilli after 24, 48 or 72 hours. Significant reduction was also observed in germ tube formation after interaction for 48 or 72 hours. For biofilm formation, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Candida strains grown in the presence or absence of lactobacilli. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that L. rhamnosus is able to influence significantly the growth and expression of virulence factors of C. albicans in vitro, and may interfere with pathogenicity of these micro-organisms.

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A 5‐year (2000–2004) epidemiological survey of Candida and non‐Candida yeast species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis in Graz, Austria

Cited by 88 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence and comparison for detection methods of Candida species in vaginal specimens from pregnant and non pregnant Saudi women

Prevalence and comparison for detection methods of Candida species in vaginal specimens from pregnant and non pregnant Saudi women

Survey of Vaginal-Flora Candida Species Isolates from Women of Different Age Groups by Use of Species-Specific PCR Detection

Lactobacillus rhamnosus pode alterar a virulência de Candida albicans

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