A 5.9 GHz Channel Characterization at Railroad Crossings for Train-to-Infrastructure (T2I) Communications

Abstract

Intelligent transport systems (ITSs) rely on wireless communications that provide many services to ground and aerial vehicles. We believe that vehicular communication protocols can evolve the train communication systems into the next generation. However, we found that channel models in train track environments at the 5.9 GHz frequency band are scarcer than in vehicular environments. Therefore, we conduct channel measurements at the 5.86–5.91 GHz ITS band at various railroad crossings in the United States. This allows us to extract the channel parameters and evaluate the propagation channel characteristics. The evaluations show a certain similarity between the train track channel characteristics and the vehicular communications channel characteristics. The railroad channel with an omnidirectional antenna is similar to a suburban environment in the vehicular channel, and with a bidirectional antenna, it is similar to a highway LoS environment in the vehicular channel. However, more importantly, the population of the surrounding buildings and the size of the LoS window can highly affect the RF propagation characteristics.

A Passive Channel Measurement and Analysis Based on a 5G Commercial Network in V2I Communications

“…For instance, Rashdan et al [12] conducted active wideband channel sounding measurements at a carrier frequency of 5.2 GHz. Choi et al [13] conducted channel measurements at the band of 5.86-5.91 GHz in an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) under various railroad scenarios. In [14][15][16], active channel measurements were carried out in the millimeter-wave band.…”