A 5,000-year vegetation and fire history for
            <i>tierra firme</i>
            forests in the Medio Putumayo-Algodón watersheds, northeastern Peru

Piperno, Dolores R.; McMichael, Crystal N.H.; Pitman, Nigel C. A.; Andino, Juan Ernesto Guevara; Paredes, Marcos Ríos; Heijink, Britte M.; Montenegro, Luis A. Torres

doi:10.1073/pnas.2022213118

Cited by 32 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Indigenous resource use strategies result from the intergenerational transmission of knowledge, are often communicated through oral histories, and encompass traditional systems of species and landscape classification, sustainable resource use, and symbolic ritual and religious practices. These systems have enabled Indigenous societies to persist for millennia in a wide range of environments, often through coexistence with local biodiversity, including primates (32,58,59). Most traditional knowledge is linguistically exclusive such that each Indigenous language encapsulates and represents unique information concerning plants, animals, landscapes, and their sustainable management (18,(60)(61)(62).…”

Section: Sustainable Land Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This relationship is grounded in their beliefs, practices, systems of knowledge, and social norms, which in turn are dependent on their physical, cultural, and spiritual well-being and the resilience of the ecosystems in which they live (28)(29)(30). Given that a substantial proportion of the world's biodiversity inhabits lands managed by Indigenous Peoples, there is a growing recognition among researchers and conservationists that Indigenous perspectives, knowledge systems, and histories hold globally important conservation lessons (24,31,32). Many Indigenous leaders, scholars, and knowledge holders have been making this case for decades (if not longer) and raising awareness of the biocultural value of their lands (33,34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the world’s primates from extinction

et al. 2022

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Primates, represented by 521 species, are distributed across 91 countries primarily in the Neotropic, Afrotropic, and Indo-Malayan realms. Primates inhabit a wide range of habitats and play critical roles in sustaining healthy ecosystems that benefit human and nonhuman communities. Approximately 68% of primate species are threatened with extinction because of global pressures to convert their habitats for agricultural production and the extraction of natural resources. Here, we review the scientific literature and conduct a spatial analysis to assess the significance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands in safeguarding primate biodiversity. We found that Indigenous Peoples’ lands account for 30% of the primate range, and 71% of primate species inhabit these lands. As their range on these lands increases, primate species are less likely to be classified as threatened or have declining populations. Safeguarding Indigenous Peoples’ lands, languages, and cultures represents our greatest chance to prevent the extinction of the world’s primates.

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Section: Sustainable Land Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the world’s primates from extinction

et al. 2022

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“…Further multidisciplinary research in different contexts is now essential to determine the degree to which pre-contact Amazonian diets varied across cultural and social contexts, as well as between ecological settings. In this way, understandings of economic resilience and land-use variability across different portions of the Amazon Basin can be better developed and factored into the ongoing debate about the impacts of pre-colonial societies on the tropical forests of this increasingly threatened biodiversity hotspot [ 118 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Holocene dietary and cultural variability on the Xingu River, Amazon Basin: A stable isotopic approach

et al. 2022

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Although once considered a ‘counterfeit paradise’, the Amazon Basin is now a region of increasing interest in discussions of pre-colonial tropical land-use and social complexity. Archaeobotany, archaeozoology, remote sensing and palaeoecology have revealed that, by the Late Holocene, populations in different parts of the Amazon Basin were using various domesticated plants, modifying soils, building earthworks, and even forming ‘Garden Cities’ along the Amazon River and its tributaries. However, there remains a relatively limited understanding as to how diets, environmental management, and social structures varied across this vast area. Here, we apply stable isotope analysis to human remains (n = 4 for collagen, n = 17 for tooth enamel), and associated fauna (n = 61 for collagen, n = 28 for tooth enamel), to directly determine the diets of populations living in the Volta Grande do Rio Xingu, an important region of pre-Columbian cultural interactions, between 390 cal. years BC and 1,675 cal. years AD. Our results highlight an ongoing dietary focus on C3 plants and wild terrestrial fauna and aquatic resources across sites and time periods, with varying integration of C4 plants (i.e. maize). We argue that, when compared to other datasets now available from elsewhere in the Amazon Basin, our study highlights the development of regional adaptations to local watercourses and forest types.

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“…Although it is important to note that pre-Columbian Amazonian peoples (i.e., Tupi-speakers) developed a very distinct type of food production system known as polyculture agroforestry, which combined the cultivation of domesticated plants with the management of semi-domesticated ones amidst forest environments; which is a very different strategy from that of other agriculturalists worldwide, that in general involved an emphasis on monoculture of one or a few cereal species in homogeneous environments (Neves, 2013;Gregorio de Souza et al, 2020;Iriarte et al, 2020). The distinctiveness of the polyculture agroforestry strategy may also help explain why the impact of indigenous Amazonians was smaller than expected for the inferred population sizes (Piperno et al, 2021;Castro e Silva et al, 2022). Some of South America's largest language families originated and spread from the Amazon.…”

Section: The Spread Of Genes and Culture In The Late Holocenementioning

confidence: 99%

A genomic perspective on South American human history

2022

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It has generally been accepted that the current indigenous peoples of the Americas are derived from ancestors from northeastern Asia. The latter were believed to have spread into the American continent by the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. In this sense, a joint and in-depth study of the earliest settlement of East Asia and the Americas is required to elucidate these events accurately. The first Americans underwent an adaptation process to the Americas’ vast environmental diversity, mediated by biological and cultural evolution and niche construction, resulting in enormous cultural diversity, a wealth of domesticated species, and extensive landscape modifications. Afterward, in the Late Holocene, the advent of intensive agricultural food production systems, sedentism, and climate change significantly reshaped genetic and cultural diversity across the continent, particularly in the Andes and Amazonia. Furthermore, starting around the end of the 15th century, European colonization resulted in massive extermination of indigenous peoples and extensive admixture. Thus, the present review aims to create a comprehensive picture of the main events involved in the formation of contemporary South American indigenous populations and the dynamics responsible for shaping their genetic diversity by integrating current genetic data with evidence from archeology, linguistics and other disciplines.

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A 5,000-year vegetation and fire history for tierra firme forests in the Medio Putumayo-Algodón watersheds, northeastern Peru

Cited by 32 publications

References 51 publications

Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the world’s primates from extinction

Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the world’s primates from extinction

Late Holocene dietary and cultural variability on the Xingu River, Amazon Basin: A stable isotopic approach

A genomic perspective on South American human history

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