A 48-hour zero-calory diet significantly alters physiological and psychological functions

Almost Nothing - Not Even Bariatric Surgery for Obesity - Changes Olfactory Sensitivity

“…Previous work has established the testretest reliability and its repetitive use in experimental setting (Kobal et al 2000, Hummel et al 2007). Fasting Study: Sixteen healthy female volunteers (21.4 ± 2.1 years) with normal body-mass index (BMI) (> 19 kg/m 2 ) were investigated at baseline (within 3 hours after a regular breakfast at home), and 24 h and 48 h later after staying fasted on a zero-calorie diet with water ad lib, while on a metabolic ward under strict compliance control (Enck et al 2009). The volunteers were involved in a series of experiments and tests with respect to autonomic functions (heart-rate variability), energy expenditure at rest and during cycling, and neurocognitive tests following food signals (eye-tracking).…”