A 450-year warming and wetting climate in southern Altay inferred from a Yileimu Lake sediment core

Fan, Jiawei; Jiang, Hanchao; Shi, Wei; Guo, Qiaoqiao; Zhang, Siqi; Wei, Xiaotong; Xu, Hongyan; Liu, Yanhong; Xue, Dingshuai; Zhong, Ning; Huang, Shiyuan; Chang, Xiangde; Shi, Xuhua; Yasen, Oasiman; Bahetihan, Yeerzhati; Xiao, Jinchong

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.04.035

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Therefore, a large amount of Ca (as well as Sr) should originate from plagioclase in addition to carbonates (Figure 5A). Rb/Sr ratio is generally low in the mass-wasting deposits (Figure 3), reflecting weak chemical weathering in the lake catchment (Fan et al, 2021). These data indicate that sediment sources for mass-wasting deposition in Yileimu Lake should have mainly been provided by earthquake-related landslides of weakly weathered granitic rocks.…”

Section: Sedimentary Record Of Paleoearthquakesmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The dam was built in 1958-1967AD (Fuyun County Local Chronicles Compilation Committee, 2003. Yileimu Lake has a maximum water depth of ~9 m in the depocenter, and the lake floor is flat in the north and relatively steep in the south (Figure 1B) (Fan et al, 2021). Hills of granitic rocks with an average slope of ~35 °occur along the Fuyun Fault, bounding the western margin of the lake (Figures 1A,B, Supplementary Figure S1A).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catchment area has ~300 m of relief between the mountain peaks and lake surface, and landslides appear on the slopes to the southwest of the lake. Chemical weathering is relatively weak in the Altay Mountains, limiting the sediment sources for the lake to some extent (Fan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a 31.5-cm long sediment core (Y20) was retrieved near the Y20B core, and a 71-cm long sediment core (Y19; 47.175 °N, 89.729 °E) was retrieved from the depocenter of the lake (Figure 1B), using a UWITEC gravity corer (Austria). The lithology, chronology and grain-size data from the Y19 (which was named "Y19B" in the previous study of Fan et al 2020b) and Y20 cores were published (Fan et al, 2021) and are used for stratigraphic correlations in this study.…”

Section: Reflection Seismic Survey and Sediment Coringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness of these deposits is only 1.5 cm, much thinner than the other 5 horizons of masswasting deposits (Figures 2C-H). Flood events in the 1900s AD may have expanded the size of the lake (Fan et al, 2021), possibly resulting in increasing distance between the site of the Y20B core and landslide sources, and thereby reducing the sediment flux to the core site. Increased water storage in Yileimu Lake after reservoir construction in the 1950s AD (Fan et al, 2020b) may have also reduced the sedimentation rate in the lake.…”

Section: Sedimentary Record Of Paleoearthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A ∼28-kyr Continuous Lacustrine Paleoseismic Record of the Intraplate, Slow-Slipping Fuyun Fault in Northwest China

Fan

Shi

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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The Fuyun Fault is a typical intraplate, slow-slipping fault, but has been repeatedly ruptured by surface wave magnitude (Ms) ≥ 8.0 earthquakes. The 11 August 1931 Ms 8.0 Fuyun earthquake resulted in more than 10,000 casualties in the sparsely populated Fuyun area. Cosmogenic 10Be dating of offset landforms produced by prehistoric Ms ≥ 8.0 earthquakes yields an average recurrence interval of 9,700 ± 3,300 years, much longer than previously estimated 2,000–4,500 years, clouding our understanding of the timing and recurrence behavior of past earthquakes originating from the Fuyun Fault. Reflection seismic data reveal widely distributed subaquatic faults in Yileimu Lake, implying high sensitivity of the lake sediments to paleoearthquakes originating from the Fuyun Fault. Two new long sediment cores (Y20A: 267 cm; Y20B: 890 cm) together with previously published two short cores (Y19: 71 cm; Y20: 31.5 cm) from the depocenter and nearshore zone of Yileimu Lake are used for stratigraphic correlations and analyses of sedimentary structures, grain-size distributions, magnetic susceptibility, elemental composition and carbon content. The mass-wasting deposits with underlying soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) in the Y20B core indicate six siliciclastic-enriched sandy sediment fluxes from earthquake-triggered landslides of granitic rocks, and isolated SSDS record three additional earthquake-induced in situ deformations. Turbidite-like deposits with sorting indices >3 and Si contents >700 counts per second (cps) are comparable to those of the seismic mass-wasting deposits, and are thus interpreted as seismites from earthquake-induced re-deposition of nearshore sediments. There are a total of 20 seismic events recorded by the Y20B core. Seismic intensity calculation results, combined with historical seismic data, provide potential magnitudes of Ms ≥ 8.0, Ms ≥ 7.0, and Ms ≥ 5.5 for the earthquake-triggered mass-wasting deposits, SSDS, and turbidite-like seismites, respectively, in Yileimu Lake, generally consistent with previously published magnitude thresholds. Radiocarbon dating and stratigraphic correlations constrain the timing of these past earthquakes to ∼28 cal kyr BP. This unique, long lacustrine paleoseismic record suggests a weakly periodic pattern with recurrence intervals between 2,317 and 7,830 years and an average of 5,303 years for potential Ms ≥ 8.0 earthquakes, and reveals an unprecedented high frequency of potential Ms ≥ 7.0 earthquakes originating from the Fuyun Fault in the last 5 kyr, demonstrating the urgent need for an improved assessment of seismic hazards and risks in the Fuyun Fault zone.

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Section: Sedimentary Record Of Paleoearthquakesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reflection Seismic Survey and Sediment Coringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sedimentary Record Of Paleoearthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A ∼28-kyr Continuous Lacustrine Paleoseismic Record of the Intraplate, Slow-Slipping Fuyun Fault in Northwest China

Fan

Shi

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Millennial‐ to centennial‐scale anti‐phase relationship between the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon and its cultural response along the Silk Roads after a great earthquake in southern Altay ~ 3500 cal a BP

Fan

Jiang

et al. 2022

J Quaternary Science

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It is strongly debated whether the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are in‐phase, anti‐phase or out‐of‐phase, and how hydroclimatic changes in the above two climate systems affected trans‐Eurasian cultural exchanges during the late Holocene. In this study, we establish a 3500‐a‐long paleoclimatic sequence based on high‐resolution analyses of sedimentological and geochemical data of a well‐dated sediment core from Yileimu Lake in southern Altay. High percentages of the >63‐µm fraction and high values of Zr/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios indicate strong transport of weakly weathered, coarse sediments into the depocenter of the lake caused by enhanced surface runoff and catchment erosion associated with a wet climate, and vice versa. High values of Ca and total inorganic carbon (TIC) contents imply increased precipitation of endogenic carbonates in the lake water under intense evaporation associated with a dry climate, and vice versa. This new record indicates two wet intervals at 3500–2300 and 600–100 cal a bp, interrupted by a severe and prolonged dry interval from 2300 to 1000 cal a bp, and a mild dry interval with occasionally wet conditions from 1000 to 600 cal a bp. These results are broadly consistent with other paleoclimatic records in Westerlies‐dominated Asia and are generally anti‐phase with those in the EASM region. We suggest that a strengthening/weakening and southward/northward migration of the Westerlies during a negative/positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) transported more/less water vapor into arid Asia. Meanwhile, a decreasing/increasing El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) superimposed on a southward/northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) triggered a weakening/strengthening and southward/northward movement of the West‐Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), resulting in decreasing/increasing EASM intensity. In addition, the wet climate from 3500 to 2300 cal a bp may have contributed to the development of nomadic herding in the eastern Eurasian Steppe and Altay region, and to the opening of the proto‐Silk Roads. Potentially, intense seismic activities in the Altay Mountains ~3500 cal a bp may have also promoted the opening of the proto‐Silk Roads by forcing the herdsmen to move to the inter‐mountainous basins. The strong EASM intensity from 2300 to 1000 cal a bp in eastern China may have contributed to the creation of the ancient Silk Roads by the Han Dynasty.

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Late Holocene environmental changes inferred from pollen records of Yileimu Lake sediments, southern Altai Mountains, Northwest China

Fan

Jiang

et al. 2023

CATENA

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A 450-year warming and wetting climate in southern Altay inferred from a Yileimu Lake sediment core

Cited by 10 publications

References 84 publications

A ∼28-kyr Continuous Lacustrine Paleoseismic Record of the Intraplate, Slow-Slipping Fuyun Fault in Northwest China

A ∼28-kyr Continuous Lacustrine Paleoseismic Record of the Intraplate, Slow-Slipping Fuyun Fault in Northwest China

Millennial‐ to centennial‐scale anti‐phase relationship between the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon and its cultural response along the Silk Roads after a great earthquake in southern Altay ~ 3500 cal a BP

Late Holocene environmental changes inferred from pollen records of Yileimu Lake sediments, southern Altai Mountains, Northwest China

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