A 4% Efficient Organic Solar Cell Using a Fluorinated Fused Subphthalocyanine Dimer as an Electron Acceptor

Verreet, Bregt; Rand, Barry P.; Cheyns, David; Hadipour, Afshin; Aernouts, Tom; Heremans, Paul; Medina, Anaïs; Claessens, Christian G.; Torres, Tomás

doi:10.1002/aenm.201100137

Cited by 111 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…To illustrate, the best non-fullerene-based OPV cell reported up to now, consisting of a boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc) donor and a fused fluorinated SubPc dimer acceptor, achieves a PCE of 4% (ref. 17), which is comparable to the best bilayer SubPc/C 60 cells reported in the literature 19 . Additionally, it has been shown that non-halogenated SubPc, mostly known as a donor material, can act as an electronaccepting material in bilayer OPV cells 20 .…”

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8.4% efficient fullerene-free organic solar cells exploiting long-range exciton energy transfer

et al. 2014

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In order to increase the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells, their absorption spectrum should be broadened while maintaining efficient exciton harvesting. This requires the use of multiple complementary absorbers, usually incorporated in tandem cells or in cascaded exciton-dissociating heterojunctions. Here we present a simple three-layer architecture comprising two non-fullerene acceptors and a donor, in which an energy-relay cascade enables an efficient two-step exciton dissociation process. Excitons generated in the remote wide-bandgap acceptor are transferred by long-range Förster energy transfer to the smaller-bandgap acceptor, and subsequently dissociate at the donor interface. The photocurrent originates from all three complementary absorbing materials, resulting in a quantum efficiency above 75% between 400 and 720 nm. With an open-circuit voltage close to 1 V, this leads to a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 8.4%. These results confirm that multilayer cascade structures are a promising alternative to conventional donor-fullerene organic solar cells.

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confidence: 71%

“…Alternatives to fullerenes for vacuum-deposited small-molecule organic solar cells mainly comprise perylene derivatives 4 or halogenated (sub-) phthalocyanines [16][17][18] . However, these non-fullerene acceptors rarely show improved performance over their fullerene counterparts.…”

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8.4% efficient fullerene-free organic solar cells exploiting long-range exciton energy transfer

et al. 2014

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“…The most common alternative acceptors that have been utilized include perylene derivatives [ 2 ] as well as (halogenated) subphthalocyanines. [3][4][5] In the optimal case, an alternative acceptor allows for a more effi cient absorption of solar light compared to fullerenes, or a higher V oc through more optimal energy level alignment. This is because the V oc of organic solar cells scales with the interface gap energy I G , being the difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of the donor and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy of the acceptor.…”

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Decreased Recombination Through the Use of a Non‐Fullerene Acceptor in a 6.4% Efficient Organic Planar Heterojunction Solar Cell

Verreet

Cnops

Cheyns

et al. 2014

Advanced Energy Materials

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An optimization of several aspects of planar heterojunction solar cells based on boron subnaphthalocyanine chloride (SubNc) as a donor material is presented. The use of hexachlorinated boron subphthalocyanine chloride (Cl6SubPc) as an alternative acceptor to C60 allows for the simultaneous increase of the short‐circuit current, fill factor, and open‐circuit voltage compared to cells with fullerene acceptors. This is due to the complementary absorption of Cl6SubPc versus SubNc, reduced recombination at the heterointerface, and improved energetic alignment. Furthermore, insertion of a thin diindeno[1,2,3‐cd:1′,2′,3′‐lm]perylene (DIP) layer at the anode results in a very significant 60% increase in photocurrent owing to reduced exciton quenching at the anode. The simultaneous improvement of all three solar cell parameters results in a power conversion efficiency of 6.4% for a non‐fullerene planar heterojunction cell.

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“…Indeed, DERHD7T has a rather high molar absorption coefficient of 9 × 10 4 L mol −1 cm −1 in solution, which is almost double that of 7T (5.1 × 10 4 L mol −1 cm −1 ) and much larger than those of DCAE7T, DCAO7T, and DCAEH7T in our previous works. [14] The DERHD7T film cast from CHCl 3 shows a broad absorption from 450 to 750 nm and an absorption maximum at 618 nm, which is red-shifted by 110 nm in comparison with that in solution, along with a shoulder peak at 700 nm. This indicates a strong π-π packing between the molecular backbones.…”

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Solution Processable Rhodanine‐Based Small Molecule Organic Photovoltaic Cells with a Power Conversion Efficiency of 6.1%

Wan

et al. 2011

Advanced Energy Materials

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In the past few years, great progress has been made in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells for an alternate of silicon semiconductorbased solar cells. OPV has the advantages of clean, low-cost, flexibility, and the possibility of roll-to-roll production. [1][2][3][4] Currently, most of the works have been focused on polymer donor molecules using bulk heterojunction (BHJ) architecture and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM) as the acceptor. [5,6] Indeed, in addition to the currently better OPV performance than small molecules, polymers have the advantages for such as better film forming quality and so on. [7] However, it cannot be denied that there are disadvantages for polymer-based OPV, such as batch to batch reproducibility, difficulty of purification, and so on. In contrast, small molecules intrinsically do not have such flaws; [8] additionally, their band structures could be tuned easily with much more choices of chemical modification. Furthermore, small molecules generally have higher charge mobility and open voltages. [9,10] However, even with these advantages, small-molecule-based OPV cells have not been investigated as intensively as that of their polymer counterparts because one of the major problems for small molecules is their generally poor film quality when using the simple solution spinning process. [11] This has been hampering their performance, and indeed their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) (4%-5%) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] are still significantly lower compared with that (>7%) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] from polymers. It is thus expected that better PCE could be achieved when their intrinsic bad film quality and morphology in BHJ architecture could be improved combining with their other advantages. But to achieve this, careful molecule design has to be carried out to address many factors collectively, including their molar absorption, morphology compatibility with the acceptors for a better film quality, and so on.Previously, we have reported a small molecule (DCAO7T, Scheme 1), which gives rather high quality of solution spincoated film and a high 5.08% PCE. [12] But this molecule comes with an end unit of cyanoacetate group, which could not contribute too much for the overall solar absorption. So, we thought that the current density J sc might be able to be enhanced if structures with stronger molar absorption is used to replace such an end unit, in the conditions that overall molecular backbone and morphology will not be affected too much. Considering the generally high absorption coefficients and good OPV performance of many dye molecules, such as triarylamines, [16,26] acenaphthoquinoxaline, [27] diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPP), [17] squaraines, [18,28,29] merocyanine, [30,31] isoindigo, [32] pthalocyanine, [33] and dipyrromethene boron difluoride (BODIPY), [34][35][36] we thus introduce a new dye unit, 3-ethylrhodanine, into the targeted OPV molecule named as DERHD7T (Scheme 1) with a conjugated thiophene backbone. With such a design, DERHD7T is expected to have a str...

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A 4% Efficient Organic Solar Cell Using a Fluorinated Fused Subphthalocyanine Dimer as an Electron Acceptor

Cited by 111 publications

References 25 publications

8.4% efficient fullerene-free organic solar cells exploiting long-range exciton energy transfer

8.4% efficient fullerene-free organic solar cells exploiting long-range exciton energy transfer

Decreased Recombination Through the Use of a Non‐Fullerene Acceptor in a 6.4% Efficient Organic Planar Heterojunction Solar Cell

Solution Processable Rhodanine‐Based Small Molecule Organic Photovoltaic Cells with a Power Conversion Efficiency of 6.1%

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