A (3H)2-Deoxyglucose Method for Comparing Rates of Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Responses Among Rat Tissues In Vivo: Validation of the Model and the Absence of an Insulin Effect on Brain

Abstract

In 1980 we described an in vivo method for estimating the rate of glucose uptake among selected tissues during an acute insulin response. The method was based upon the same principles as Sokoloff's 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) method. We now report further examination of the basic assumptions of the model and validation of its general applicability by comparing the response of brain and other tissues to prolonged insulin infusion (while glucose is held constant) with their response to a single injection of insulin. The method provides a reproducible estimate of relative insulin response in any tissue that can be anatomically separated at death. Tissues that are minimally sensitive to insulin such as spleen, lung, skin, and gut do not display increments in the calculated value for net rate of tissue uptake of 2DG. Insulin-sensitive tissues display increased rates of uptake that are characteristic for each specific tissue, ranging in magnitude from 1.7- to 17.9-fold over basal among an array of insulin-sensitive tissues. The duration of a unit response to a sub-maximal dose of insulin also varied among the tissues, persisting for 20-30 min after plasma insulin had returned to basal in heart and for 10-20 min in the other insulin-sensitive tissues. The method provides a reproducible measure of glucose metabolism in vivo and has been validated as a means of quantifying relative insulin sensitivity among the peripheral tissues. During steady-state conditions with plasma glucose held constant, brain glucose metabolism was unaffected by a 60-min infusion of insulin.

Activating HSP72 in Rodent Skeletal Muscle Increases Mitochondrial Number and Oxidative Capacity and Decreases Insulin Resistance

“…Insulin-stimulated glucose clearance was examined as previously described (22). The rate of tissue metabolism of [ 3 H]2-deoxy- D -glucose was calculated by use of the single-injection model (23). …”

Distinct Effects of Leptin and a Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Injected Into Medial Hypothalamic Nuclei on Glucose Uptake in Peripheral Tissues

“…The rate constant of net tissue uptake of 2-[ 3 H]deoxy- d -glucose (2[ 3 H]DG) in peripheral tissues was determined, as described previously (32,33), by injecting a mixture of 6.25 μCi 2[ 3 H]DG (10 Ci/mmol) and 1.25 μCi [ 14 C]sucrose (10 Ci/mmol) (American Radiolabeled Chemicals, St. Louis, MO) through the jugular vein catheter 3 or 6 h after the microinjection of leptin or MT-II. Blood was collected 0, 10, 15, and 20 min after injection of the radioactive tracers.…”

“…Plasma samples were also analyzed for glucose (Glucose CII Test; Wako, Osaka, Japan) and insulin (mouse insulin ELISA kit [U-Type]; Shibayagi, Gunma, Japan) concentrations. The rate constant of net tissue uptake of 2[ 3 H]DG was calculated as described previously (32,33). The radioactivity of [ 14 C]sucrose in tissues was used to calculate the 2[ 3 H]DG radioactivity remaining in the extracellular space (33).…”

Insulin resistance and low sympathetic nerve activity in the Tsumura Suzuki obese diabetic mouse: a new model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity

“…In this study, to assess the glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity in TSOD mouse, we examined the effect of insulin on the rate of glucose uptake in skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in vivo using 2-deoxy-d-[ 3 H]glucose (2-[ 3 H]DG) [3,4]. It is well known that impaired glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle plays a critical role in the development of insulin resistance.…”