A 30-Year Prospective Follow-up Study of Hyperactive Boys With Conduct Problems

Psychiatric problems and suicidal behaviour in incarcerated adolescents in the Islamic Republic of Iran

“…This risk is also higher in the adulthood [21]. In other words, ADHD children have a higher risk of committing crimes and of being arrested and incarcerated [22].…”

“…The prevalence of ADHD, conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder were high in our study (Tables 3 and 4). It has been shown in American studies that adolescents with ADHD and conduct disorder have a history of arrest at an earlier age and have more total arrest than other children [21,22]. This risk is also higher in the adulthood [21].…”

Your True Freedom

“…Other risk factors include certain personality characteristics such as poor self-control, neurocognitive deficits including hyperactivity problems and learning disabilities (with boys at greater risk for these than girls), child conduct/behavior problems, associating with delinquent peers, family factors and stresses such as living in a non-intact family/single parent household, parent loss, having a teen parent (Elkins et al, 1997;Henry et al, 1996;Krueger et al, 1994;Messer, Goodman, Rowe, Meltzer, & Maughan, 2006;Murray, Irving, Farrington, Colman, Bloxsom, 2010;Trzesniewski et al, 2006;Wright, Caspi, Moffitt, & Silva, 1999) and having a parent with a criminal history 2 (e.g., Chesney-Lind, 1997; Johnston, 1991;Kates, Gerber, & Casey, 2014;Messer et al, 2006;Mumola, 2000;Myers et al, 1999;Wasserman, 2000;Wilson & Howell, 1993). Studies similarly suggest that the main predictors of incarceration for males include the early background experiences of poverty, ethnic minority status, low maternal education/ unemployment, dysfunctional parenting (e.g., abusive, neglectful), growing up in a father-absent household, residential instability, early behavioral/conduct problems (including adolescent delinquency), poor academic ability and low educational attainment (including poor literacy and dropping out of high school), unemployment, and drug and alcohol abuse (e.g., Bailey & Hayes, 2006;Drakeford, 2002;Harper & McLanahan, 2004;Ou & Reynolds, 2010;Rogers-Adkinson et al, 2008;Rumbaut, 2005;Satterfield et al, 2007;Sourander et al, 2006;West, Denton, & Germano-Hausken, 2000;Wildeman & Western, 2010). The tragic early life experiences of incarcerated parents and the instability of their current life experiences diminish their ability to provide positive, skilled parenting for their own children: not surprisingly, studies show that children of incarcerated parents are more likely to experience attachment disruptions and disorganized attachments (Dallaire, 2007;Myers et al, 1999).…”

Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and child protection: review of evidence and child safeguarding guidelines

“…However, the association between childhood ADHD and later criminality is thought to be entirely dependent on the presence of comorbid childhood conduct disorder. 28,29 Despite this, it remains important to carefully consider past criminal and conduct problems in adults with ADHD.…”