A 3-Year Study of Water Relations of Urban Street Trees

Whitlow, Thomas H.; Bassuk, Nina L.; Reichert, Deborah L.

doi:10.2307/2404512

Cited by 77 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This pattern, becoming more evident with decreasing soil water availability and occurring more often in trees growing in unfavourable conditions, is obviously caused by high xylem resistance of the trees under stress conditions (Sellin, 1993(Sellin, , 1996. In contrast to my results, Whitlow et al (1992) reported that maximum hu in Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. and Tilia cordata Mill.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Base water potential of Picea abies as a characteristic of the soil water status

Sellin

1996

Plant Soil

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Variation in base water potential (hub, a daily maximum level of plant water potential, which is presumed to correspond to the condition of equilibrium between the soil and plant water potentials) was examined in shoots of Norway spruce trees growing in well-drained and waterlogged soils. The influence of soil water content, air temperature, and vapour pressure deficit of the atmosphere on hub was studied using the pressure chamber technique. Maximum daily water potentials were not always observable before dawn; some were registered up to two hours later. This tendency being characteristic of trees growing under stress (shade, waterlogging) conditions, increased with declining soil water availability. In trees growing in well-drained soil, hub depended asymptotically on the available soil water storage (R2=0. 73), while the values were slightly influenced by vapour pressure deficit of the atmosphere as well. In trees growing in waterlogged soil, hub was independent of the soil water storage, but sensitive to the vapour pressure deficit.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Base water potential of Picea abies as a characteristic of the soil water status

Sellin

1996

Plant Soil

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“…Street trees surrounded by hot, impervious surfaces are exposed to high evaporative demand (Clark and Kjelgren 1990;Whitlow et al 1992;Kjelgren and Montague 1998;Ferrini and Baietto 2007) and often suffer from poor infiltration of rainwater into the soil, which can constrain their transpiration (Saebø et al 2003;Nielsen et al 2007;Chen et al 2011). However, while transpiration of trees in natural habitats has been widely studied, little research has been conducted on the transpirational cooling effect of mature urban trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transpiration of urban trees and its cooling effect in a high latitude city

et al. 2015

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An important ecosystem service provided by urban trees is the cooling effect caused by their transpiration. The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of daytime and night-time transpiration of common urban tree species in a high latitude city (Gothenburg, Sweden), to analyse the influence of weather conditions and surface permeability on the tree transpiration, and to find out whether tree transpiration contributed to daytime or nocturnal cooling. Stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration at day and night were measured on mature street and park trees of seven common tree species in Gothenburg: Tilia europaea, Quercus robur, Betula pendula, Acer platanoides, Aesculus hippocastanum, Fagus sylvatica and Prunus serrulata. Transpiration increased with vapour pressure deficit and photosynthetically active radiation. Midday rates of sunlit leaves ranged from less than 1 mmol m(-2) s(-1) (B. pendula) to over 3 mmol m(-2) s(-1) (Q. robur). Daytime stomatal conductance was positively related to the fraction of permeable surfaces within the vertically projected crown area. A simple estimate of available rainwater, comprising of precipitation sum and fractional surface permeability within the crown area, was found to explain 68% of variation in midday stomatal conductance. Night-time transpiration was observed in all studied species and amounted to 7 and 20% of midday transpiration of sunlit and shaded leaves, respectively. With an estimated night-time latent heat flux of 24 W m(-2), tree transpiration significantly increased the cooling rate around and shortly after sunset, but not later in the night. Despite a strong midday latent heat flux of 206 W m(-2), a cooling effect of tree transpiration was not observed during the day.

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“…Esta escasez se agudizará por el cambio climático, pues se incrementará la ocurrencia y duración de las sequías (Gill et al, 2007). La baja disponibilidad de agua propicia estrés hídrico en la vegetación urbana, lo que acorta la longevidad de los árboles y es una causa importante de la muerte de árboles jóvenes cuando se llevan a cabo proyectos de forestación y reforestación en ciudades (Whitlow et al, 1992). La sequía se agrava porque el pavimento y la compactación del suelo disminuyen la infiltración de agua al sistema radical (Foster y Blaine, 1978), lo que da water to the atmosphere as steam and acts as a natural system of "air conditioning", as it affects the metropolitan microclimates (Rowntree, 1986).…”

Section: Servicios Ecosistémicosunclassified

“…The low availability of water promotes water stress in urban vegetation, which shortens the longevity of trees and is a major cause of death of young trees when afforestation and reforestation projects in cities are carried out (Whitlow et al, 1992). The drought becomes worse because the pavement and soil compaction decrease water infiltration to the root system (Foster and Blaine, 1978), leading growing trees on the streets to be the most affected (Whitlow et al, 1992).…”

Section: Servicios Ecosistémicosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Servicios Ambientales De La Vegetación en Ecosistemas Urbanos en El Contexto Del Cambio Climático

Pimienta-Barrios

Robles-Murguía

Carvajal³

et al. 2018

RMCF

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RESUMENEs abundante la información sobre los problemas ambientales que afectan a las urbes más importantes del mundo, pero es limitada para México. Esta revela que los servicios ambientales proporcionados por la vegetación, particularmente el arbolado, contribuyen a reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, por ejemplo; sin embargo, su eficiencia está limitada por la escasez de agua y los contaminantes del aire y se agravará con el cambio climático. Entre los principales efectos de este último destacan la formación de olas e islas de calor y el aumento en la temperatura y en las concentraciones de ozono (O 3 ) en las ciudades, donde dicho gas constituye una amenaza seria a la salud humana y a la de los árboles al interferir en la fotosíntesis, proceso fundamental en la prestación de servicios ambientales. La vegetación urbana puede ser una fuente de contaminación atmosférica al producir compuestos orgánicos volátiles que conducen a la formación de O 3 . La ciudad de Guadalajara está afectada por el cambio climático porque tiene porcentajes bajos de cobertura vegetal, alta contaminación del aire y la disponibilidad de agua ha disminuido. Estudios de fotosíntesis en árboles que crecen en Guadalajara revelaron amplias diferencias en su eficiencia de secuestrar carbono. Por lo tanto existe potencial para la selección de especies arbóreas con el propósito de usarlas en la reforestación de esta urbe, con el fin de reducir la contaminación del aire y mitigar los efectos del cambio climático.Palabras clave: Cambio climático, captura de carbono, ecosistemas urbanos, fotosíntesis de árboles, islas de calor, olas de calor. ABSTRACTThere is abundant information on environmental issues that affect the most important cities of the world, but it is limited in Mexico. This reveals that the environmental services provided by urban vegetation, particularly trees, contribute to reduce emissions of greenhouses gases, temperature as well as the intensity of both heat island and heat weaves, but those environmental services provided by the vegetation are limited by the scarcity of water and air pollutants, situation that will exacerbate with climatic change. The main effects of climatic change in cities is the increase in temperature, the formation of both heat weaves and heat islands, increased concentrations of ozone (O 3 ), where O 3 is the main hazard, because it affects both human health and photosynthesis, a process important in providing environmental services. Urban vegetation can be a source of air pollution by producing volatile organic compounds, since they produce O 3 . Both climatic change and heat weaves accelerate the formation of these volatiles. Guadalajara city is affected by climatic change and is vulnerable because it has low percentages of vegetation cover, high air pollution and declining availability of water. Studies of photosynthesis in trees growing in Guadalajara revealed differences in their ability to sequester carbon. Thus, there is a prospective potential to select tree species to be used fo...

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A 3-Year Study of Water Relations of Urban Street Trees

Cited by 77 publications

References 11 publications

Base water potential of Picea abies as a characteristic of the soil water status

Base water potential of Picea abies as a characteristic of the soil water status

Transpiration of urban trees and its cooling effect in a high latitude city

Servicios Ambientales De La Vegetación en Ecosistemas Urbanos en El Contexto Del Cambio Climático

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