A 3.47 e⁻ Read Noise, 81 dB Dynamic Range Backside-Illuminated Multispectral Imager for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery

Decoupling channel count from field of view and spatial resolution in single-sensor imaging systems for fluorescence image-guided surgery

“…Consequently, these single-sensor devices typically provide three channels in the visible and one channel in the near-infrared to maximize the field of view and spatial resolution while providing the bare minimum channel count. 17 – 27 …”

“… 28 with the four-channel imaging systems that have long been favored by researchers and manufacturers alike. 17 – 27 We do so by fixing the largest scale available to the camera (i.e., fixing the field of view) and evaluating performance at the smallest scale available to the camera (i.e., evaluating performance at the spatial resolution). A discussion of the two imaging systems is provided in Sec.…”

“…Consequently, these single-sensor devices typically provide three channels in the visible and one channel in the near-infrared to maximize the field of view and spatial resolution while providing the bare minimum channel count. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] What emerges within this design space is a complex relationship between the parameters that would optimize an image-guided surgery and the parameters that are practical in an imaging system. Maximum benefit to both the surgeon and patient may not be achieved via the default implementations of division-of-time, division-of-optical-path, and division-of-focal-plane instruments but may instead necessitate careful modifications to these architectures.…”