A 2D model of ultrasonic wave propagation in an anisotropic weld

Numerical modeling and simulation for ultrasonic inspection of anisotropic austenitic welds using the mass-spring lattice model

“…This issue may be addressed by first dividing the austenitic weld into small regions, which are each homogeneous but differ from one another in the orientation of material symmetry axis, as in Ref. [12]. Then, the question of applicability of the RMSLM becomes whether the spring constants of the model can be adjusted such that it can simulate a transversely isotropic medium with an arbitrary orientation of the axis of material symmetry.…”

“…Also to solve ultrasonic testing problems of austenitic welds, Liu and Wirdelius [12] used a traction probe model with twodimensional ray tracing. In order to consider the varying grain directions of the weld, they divided the weld into small regions and assigned to each region a tilted coordinate system according to the rotated axes of material symmetry in that region.…”

An ultrasonic methodology to non-destructively estimate the grain orientation in an anisotropic weld

“…The weld model is created by analyzing the macrograph of a specific austenitic weld and the determination of the subregions and the crystal orientations is described in a previous paper [8]. The weld model created is shown in Fig.…”

A comparative evaluation of ultrasonic testing of AISI 316L welds made by shielded metal arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding processes

“…8(a) and (b), their through wall lengths cannot be easily measured because the diffractions from top and bottom of flaws cannot be identified. The modeling of wave propagation by ray tracing in conventional ultrasonic testing of austenitic welds shows that the wave path depends on a number of parameters including the wave mode, angle, and positions of defect and probes (Liu and Wirdelius, 2007;Schmitz et al, 2000;Ogilvy, 1992). Moreover, according to Schmitz et al (1999), the probe position can affect the reception of the reflected echo.…”

“…Most investigations consider the SMAW process and some are based on the development of modeling codes taking into account the characteristics of the austenitic welds (Liu and Wirdelius, 2007).…”