A 28GHz CMOS Phased-Array Transceiver Featuring Gain Invariance Based on LO Phase Shifting Architecture with 0.1-Degree Beam-Steering Resolution for 5G New Radio

Pang, Jian; Wu, Rui; Wang, Yun; Dome, Masato; Kato, Hisashi; Huang, Hongye; Narayanan, Aravind Tharayil; Liu, Hanli; Liu, Bangan; Nakamura, Takeshi; Fujimura, Takuya; Kawabuchi, Masaru; Kubozoe, Ryo; Miura, Tsuyoshi; Matsumoto, Daisuke; Oshima, Naoki; Motoi, Keiichi; Hori, Shingo; Kunihiro, Kazuaki; Kaneko, Tomoya; Okada, Kei

doi:10.1109/rfic.2018.8428985

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Using the proposed framework, a comparison between state-of-the-art BFICs has been presented. It is shown that [26], [27] is the best solution for BSs, though with drawbacks in terms of power consumption and heat generation. The solution in [22] is ideal for GtWs, in combination with larger array sizes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GtW use case gives more flexibility in terms of deployment at acceptable costs. Finally, for the UT use [26], [27], considered the optimal solution for the BS use-case.©2019 IEEE case, [57] presents a solution based on CMOS SOI, which can deliver good RF performance while maintaining high efficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, based on Fig. 3(b), the solutions in [26], [27] feature a large output power in combination with a reduced area but suffer from the highest increase in temperature. This is due to the fact that the considered BFICs make use of LO phase-shifting that is inherently more power consuming than the RF phaseshifting scheme adopted by all the other solutions analyzed in this survey [50].…”

Section: Current State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using Fig. 6 and supposing that we cannot relax the output power and NF constraints, one can see that [26], [27] are, clearly, strong candidates for the BS use case, though at the cost of larger heat generation and power consumption. For the GtW case, [22] is the best candidate.…”

Section: Current State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Design Framework for Beamforming Integrated Circuits Operating at Mm-Wave Frequencies

Theis¹,

Song²,

Federico³

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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In order to cope with the needs of fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks and beyond, phasedarray antenna systems operating at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies will be required. This makes the system design very complex. In order to create insight and agility in the design process, we propose a framework that visualises the requirements and trade-offs of 5G-and-beyond systems. Our literature survey uses this framework to compare state-of-the-art papers on Silicon-based beamforming integrated circuits (BFICs) operating in the mm-wave band. Three use-cases are analyzed: Base-stations (BSs), Gateways (GtWs) and User Terminals (UTs). Based on the framework, we explore which implementation fits best with each use-cases. In UT, space and power consumption are the main constraints. For BSs, the main constraint is in output power and noise figure (NF). Finally, in GtW applications there is more flexibility as it has a larger footprint than UT but doesn't necessarily need to cover the same link-budget constraints of BSs. One of the identified limitations throughout all the cases is the heat generation, which is seen as a major bottleneck in mm-wave phased arrays. Only a few of the references show proper modelling and simulations for heat transfer of the realized BFICs. Finally, a limitation in the BFICs is the output power. In order to realize a mm-wave link at least 13 dBm would be required at the input of each antenna element. Only few references meet this criterion, and only at saturation. Further, in order to achieve more than 13 dBm in back-off operation a higher power density would be required. This would imply a further increase of heat generation in the system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Design Framework for Beamforming Integrated Circuits Operating at Mm-Wave Frequencies

Theis¹,

Song²,

Federico³

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Beam tracking in phased array antenna based on the trajectory classification

Gilan

Paranjape

2023

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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One of the major new concepts in 5G cellular communications is a shift in the way services are delivered to users. In the new 5G protocol, individual users are recognized and tracked through beams, which are targeted and specific to individual users. The millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications impose a directionality which results in a significant challenge in serving mobile terminals and unmanned aerial vehicles. This challenge can be relieved in mmWave systems using analog beamforming. Based on the identification of the patterns in the reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements, some classifications are employed. Some trajectories are defined for different users in Hallways. Therefore, the angle of arrival (AoA) would be the same for the users following the same trajectory. The users based on the received RSRP values are clustered by K-means and I-Kmeans algorithms. To this end, our algorithms to find the beamforming coefficient are employed for only one user in each cluster and the complexity of the algorithms can be lower. The proposed algorithms are spatial frequency-based beam tracking and angular domain beam tracking algorithms. Simulation results show that tracking the sine function of AoA achieves better performance compared to tracking the AoA. Moreover, the optimal number of clusters is obtained by using the Elbow method. INTRODUCTIONThe effects of 5G are visible on the Internet of Things (IoT), Augmented Reality (AR), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), industrial automation (IA), smart homes, smart cities, time-critical applications in telemedicine and telesurgery and so forth. 1 5G includes some different areas such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine type communications (mMTC). 2,3 Due to the direct impact on the public, this article focuses on the human-centric enhanced mobile broadband activity. 4 When new applications emerge, new requirements for greater broadband data are required and the demand for faster data is a growing option. 5 This article investigates the analysis of 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) services in hotspots and for indoor-area coverage which will result in high user density and high capacity.Compared to sub-6-GHz communication links, the path loss at mmWave frequencies is greater. To alleviate this issue, phased-array techniques alongside Line-of-Sight (LoS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) communication with an array antenna gain can be employed. In Reference 6, the performance of the coordinated multi-point (CoMP) based mmWave communication is analyzed. The aforementioned work considers the effect of the LoS component which is essential in mmWave communications due to the high path-loss properties of high frequency mmWave channels. Moreover, a

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Millimeter-Wave Phased-Array Transceiver Using CMOS Technology

Okada

2019

2019 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC)

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A 28GHz CMOS Phased-Array Transceiver Featuring Gain Invariance Based on LO Phase Shifting Architecture with 0.1-Degree Beam-Steering Resolution for 5G New Radio

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

A Design Framework for Beamforming Integrated Circuits Operating at Mm-Wave Frequencies

A Design Framework for Beamforming Integrated Circuits Operating at Mm-Wave Frequencies

Beam tracking in phased array antenna based on the trajectory classification

Millimeter-Wave Phased-Array Transceiver Using CMOS Technology

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