A 22-m Operation Range Semi-Passive UHF RFID Sensor Tag With Flexible Thermoelectric Energy Harvester

Solar, Héctor; Beriain, Andoni; Rezola, Ainhoa; Río, David; Berenguer, Roc

doi:10.1109/jsen.2022.3202634

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The literature also describes combinations of thermoelectric technology with RFID tags. The integration of an RFID tag with a flexible thermoelectric generator (TEG) is presented in [ 21 ]. It consists of an EPC C1G2/ISO 18000-6C ultrahigh-frequency RFID integrated circuit connected to a low-power microcontroller unit [ 22 ].…”

Section: Powering Rfid Tags—a Short Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the use of a step-up converter, the appropriate electrical values are supplied to the RFID tag. During semi-passive operation, a communication range of up to 22.2 m has been measured [ 21 ]. It is also possible to combine the antennas with a thermoelectric generator [ 23 ].…”

Section: Powering Rfid Tags—a Short Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also important that the tag can operate in semi-passive mode, which is even the preferred method of cooperation between RFID tags and thermoelectric microgenerators. This significantly reduces power requirements, and the main task is to increase the communication distance [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Based on the results obtained for thermoelectric structures, CuNi- and Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 -based, it can be concluded that a suitable combination of microgenerators together with RFID tags is possible.…”

Section: Combining μTegs With Rfidmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Planar Thermoelectric Microgenerators in Application to Power RFID Tags

Dziedzic,

Wójcik,

Gierczak

et al. 2024

Sensors

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This paper presents an innovative approach to the integration of thermoelectric microgenerators (μTEGs) based on thick-film thermopiles of planar constantan–silver (CuNi-Ag) and calcium cobaltite oxide–silver (Ca3Co4O9-Ag) thick-film thermopiles with radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The goal was to consider using the TEG for an active or semi-passive RFID tag. The proposed implementation would allow the communication distance to be increased or even operated without changing batteries. This article discusses the principles of planar thermoelectric microgenerators (μTEGs), focusing on their ability to convert the temperature difference into electrical energy. The concept of integration with active or semi-passive tags is presented, as well as the results of energy efficiency tests, considering various environmental conditions. On the basis of the measurements, the parameters of thermopiles consisting of more thermocouples were simulated to provide the required voltage and power for cooperation with RFID tags. The conclusions of the research indicate promising prospects for the integration of planar thermoelectric microgenerators with RFID technology, opening the way to more sustainable and efficient monitoring and identification systems. Our work provides the theoretical basis and practical experimental data for the further development and implementation of this innovative technology.

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Section: Powering Rfid Tags—a Short Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Powering Rfid Tags—a Short Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combining μTegs With Rfidmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Planar Thermoelectric Microgenerators in Application to Power RFID Tags

Dziedzic,

Wójcik,

Gierczak

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…To eliminate the need for batteries, some solutions aim to achieve fully batteryless systems by incorporating energy harvesting modules, as shown in Table I: photovoltaic [4], [9], [13], [16], [17], [20], thermoelectric [21], [23], and radiofrequency [4], [6], [7], [12], [14], [22]. A significant number of solutions employ majority of photovoltaic modules.…”

Section: B Energy Harvesting Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Passive UHF RFID Sensor Tags: A Comprehensive Review

Solar,

Beriain,

Berenguer

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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This paper presents a comprehensive overview and analysis of the state-of-the-art (SoA) in semi-passive or Battery-Assisted (BAP) Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor tags compliant with EPC Global G2/ISO-18000C. These tags operate on the same communication principle as fully passive sensor tags but incorporate a battery or an energy harvesting module. This additional power source extends communication ranges and enables power demanding applications using low power microcontrollers (MCUs) and higher-end sensors. This article also analyzes various key features, including tag integrated circuit (IC) architecture, types of energy harvesting modules, and communication range. The main conclusions are threefold. Firstly, selecting the appropriate tag IC requires a careful analysis its features such as sensitivity, sensor interfaces or data logging capabilities. For instance, among the solutions examined in the SoA, half of them opted for a tag IC capable of MCU communication via SPI or I2C buses. Secondly, it is essential to assess both the forward and backward communication links to leverage the sensitivity of the tag IC in BAP mode. Interestingly, only one third of the solutions in the SoA achieved the theoretical communication range anticipated by the tag IC sensitivity. Finally, an energy budget analysis is required to ensure that the energy generation suffices to meet the energy requirements of the tag. While most solutions rely on batteries as the energy source and analyze battery lifespan, only a few studies employing energy harvesters conduct an energy budget analysis due to the additional complexity involved.INDEX TERMS Radio frequency identification, battery-assisted sensor tag, energy harvesting, internet of things.

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“…Several other passive RFID-based sensors have been developed that can detect liquid within the container but lack the capability of providing continuous information of the liquid-level variation in real time [ 18 , 21 , 22 ]. Sensing systems based on semi-passive RFID technology have been the focus of many researchers [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], due to their higher read-range as compared to the passive RFID systems. Despite the fact they use signals from the reader to energize the chip, semi-passive RFID technology also requires an internal power source to drive the electronic circuits, making them unreliable, bulky, and costly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Capacitive Liquid-Level Detection Sensor Based on Zero-Power RFID-Sensing Architecture

Ahmad

Khosravi

Iyer

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In this paper, a new method for the wireless detection of liquid level is proposed by integrating a capacitive IDC-sensing element with a passive three-port RFID-sensing architecture. The sensing element transduces changes in the liquid level to corresponding fringe-capacitance variations, which alters the phase of the RFID backscattered signal. Variation in capacitance also changes the resonance magnitude of the sensing element, which is associated with a high phase transition. This change in the reactive phase is used as a sensing parameter by the RFID architecture for liquid-level detection. Practical measurements were conducted in a real-world scenario by placing the sensor at a distance of approximately 2 m (with a maximum range of about 7 m) from the RFID reader. The results show that the sensor node offers a high sensitivity of 2.15∘/mm to the liquid-level variation. Additionally, the sensor can be used within or outside the container for the accurate measurement of conductive- or non-conductive-type liquids due to the use of polyethylene coating on the sensitive element. The proposed sensor increases the reliability of the current level sensors by eliminating the internal power source as well as complex signal-processing circuits, and it offers real-time response, linearity, high sensitivity, and excellent repeatability, which are suitable for widespread deployment of sensor node applications.

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A 22-m Operation Range Semi-Passive UHF RFID Sensor Tag With Flexible Thermoelectric Energy Harvester

Cited by 15 publications

References 46 publications

Planar Thermoelectric Microgenerators in Application to Power RFID Tags

Planar Thermoelectric Microgenerators in Application to Power RFID Tags

Semi-Passive UHF RFID Sensor Tags: A Comprehensive Review

Wireless Capacitive Liquid-Level Detection Sensor Based on Zero-Power RFID-Sensing Architecture

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