A 20‐Year Climatology of Madden‐Julian Oscillation Convection: Large‐Scale Precipitation Tracking From TRMM‐GPM Rainfall

Kerns, Brandon W.; Chen, Shuyi S.

doi:10.1029/2019jd032142

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Most MJO events initiated over the Indian Ocean become weakened when they propagate over the Indo‐Pacific Maritime Continent (MC). A large fraction (up to 40–50%) of them terminate prematurely over the MC (Kerns & Chen, 2020; Zhang & Ling, 2017) and fail to propagate into the Pacific. This is known as the barrier effect of the MC on the MJO.…”

Section: Additional Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Theories of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation

Zhang

Adames

Khouider

et al. 2020

Reviews of Geophysics

107

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Studies of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) have progressed considerably during the past decades in observations, numerical modeling, and theoretical understanding. Many theoretical attempts have been made to identify the most essential processes responsible for the existence of the MJO. Criteria are proposed to separate a hypothesis from a theory (based on the first principles with quantitative and testable assumptions, able to predict quantitatively the fundamental scales and eastward propagation of the MJO). Four MJO theories are selected to be summarized and compared in this article: the skeleton theory, moisture‐mode theory, gravity‐wave theory, and trio‐interaction theory of the MJO. These four MJO theories are distinct from each other in their key assumptions, parameterized processes, and, particularly, selection mechanisms for the zonal spatial scale, time scale, and eastward propagation of the MJO. The comparison of the four theories and more recent development in MJO dynamical approaches lead to a realization that theoretical thinking of the MJO is diverse and understanding of MJO dynamics needs to be further advanced.

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Section: Additional Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Theories of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation

Zhang

Adames

Khouider

et al. 2020

Reviews of Geophysics

107

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“…Not only do MCSs contribute to comparable fractional total rainfall as those in the tropics, particularly in the Central United States (Feng et al, 2016(Feng et al, , 2019Fritsch et al, 1986;Haberlie & Ashley, 2019), but they also produce hazardous weather including flooding, large hail, tornadoes, and damaging winds (Ashley & Mote, 2005;Doswell et al, 1996;Hu et al, 2020;B. T. Smith et al, 2012;Stevenson & Schumacher, 2014 Regional studies have documented the characteristics of MCSs in China (Chen et al, 2019; X. R. Yang et al, 2015), central and south America (Machado et al, 1998), west Africa (Klein et al, 2018), and Europe (Morel & Senesi, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Global High‐Resolution Mesoscale Convective System Database Using Satellite‐Derived Cloud Tops, Surface Precipitation, and Tracking

et al. 2021

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“…Indeed, estimates show that between 30 and 40% of the annual precipitation in the Indian Ocean and Maritime continent (10°N and 10°S, 70°E and 150°E) is associated with the MJO (Kerns & Chen, 2020).…”

Section: 1029/2020rg000700mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monsoons, ITCZs, and the Concept of the Global Monsoon

Geen

Bordoni

Battisti

et al. 2020

Reviews of Geophysics

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Earth's tropical and subtropical rainbands, such as Intertropical Convergence Zones (ITCZs) and monsoons, are complex systems, governed by both large-scale constraints on the atmospheric general circulation and regional interactions with continents and orography, and coupled to the ocean. Monsoons have historically been considered as regional large-scale sea breeze circulations, driven by land-sea contrast. More recently, a perspective has emerged of a global monsoon, a global-scale solstitial mode that dominates the annual variation of tropical and subtropical precipitation. This results from the seasonal variation of the global tropical atmospheric overturning and migration of the associated convergence zone. Regional subsystems are embedded in this global monsoon, localized by surface boundary conditions. Parallel with this, much theoretical progress has been made on the fundamental dynamics of the seasonal Hadley cells and convergence zones via the use of hierarchical modeling approaches, including aquaplanets. Here we review the theoretical progress made and explore the extent to which these advances can help synthesize theory with observations to better understand differing characteristics of regional monsoons and their responses to certain forcings. After summarizing the dynamical and energetic balances that distinguish an ITCZ from a monsoon, we show that this theoretical framework provides strong support for the migrating convergence zone picture and allows constraints on the circulation to be identified via the momentum and energy budgets. Limitations of current theories are discussed, including the need for a better understanding of the influence of zonal asymmetries and transients on the large-scale tropical circulation. Plain Language Summary The monsoons are the moist summer circulations that provide most of the annual rainfall to many countries in the tropics and subtropics, influencing over one third of the world's population. Monsoons in different regions have historically been viewed as separate continent-scale "sea breezes," where land heats faster than ocean in the summer, causing warm air to rise over the continent and moist air to be drawn over land from the ocean. Here we show that recent theoretical advances and observational analyses support a novel view of monsoons as localized seasonal migrations of the tropical convergence zone: the band of converging air and rainfall in the tropics embedded within the tropical atmospheric overturning circulation. This updated perspective distinguishes the dynamics of low-latitude (∼0-10°poleward) "Intertropical Convergence Zones" (ITCZs) from that of monsoons (∼10-25°poleward), explains commonalities and differences in behavior between the regional ITCZs and monsoons, and may help to understand year-to-year variability in these systems and how the global monsoon might change in the future. We end by discussing features that are not yet included in this new picture: the influence of mountains and continent shapes on the circulation and the relationship...

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A 20‐Year Climatology of Madden‐Julian Oscillation Convection: Large‐Scale Precipitation Tracking From TRMM‐GPM Rainfall

Cited by 20 publications

References 76 publications

Four Theories of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation

Four Theories of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation

A Global High‐Resolution Mesoscale Convective System Database Using Satellite‐Derived Cloud Tops, Surface Precipitation, and Tracking

Monsoons, ITCZs, and the Concept of the Global Monsoon

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