A 20-sec Stepping Test and KINECTTMSensor Provides Objective Quantification of Movement/Balance Dysfunction in Older Individuals

Takeshima, Nobuo; Kohama, Takeshi; Kusünoki, Masanobu; Okada, S.; Fujita, Eiji; Oba, Yukiya; Brechue, William F.

doi:10.1080/0361073x.2020.1743928

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The significance of lesser step number and slower stepping rate being an indicator of balance dysfunction is the contrast that fewer steps produced a greater TMD and MMD in EPE-Low, even when corrected for step number. This is consistent with our previous observation in ADL-deficient, dependent-living individuals 28 ) . Additionally, there is a significant negative association between MXE/EPE (target acquisition error) and step number in the overall sample population and MXE/EPE was greater in EPE-Low and SV-High balance groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…ST movement velocity was greater in EPE-High, as indicated by greater step number, and therefore, stepping rate. This observation is consistent with our recent finding that lower step number and stepping rate distinguished ADL-deficient, dependent-living individuals in need of care 28 ) . Likewise, stepping at a significantly slower rate during a fixed, single-leg step-numbering task was observed in community-living older adults with a history of falling 38 ) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Then, participants completed a 20-sec ST with eyes open as previously described in detail 28 ) . Briefly, individuals alternatively raise their knees, stepping in place at a self-selected stepping pace.…”

Section: Participants and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific to the present study, infrared depth sensors (Kinect TM ) have demonstrated effective ability for analyzing human movement 25 , 26 ) and postural sway 27 ) , providing at a low cost (remove comma) and relatively simple means for assessment of human physical function. Recently, it was shown that movement path length and movement displacement quantified with an infrared depth sensor during a 20-sec stepping-in-place test (ST) provided strong discriminatory data towards identifying need for ADL assistance in distinguishing community-dwelling independent-living individuals from assisted-living dependent individuals 28 ) . ST movement variables showed moderate sensitivity (0.67–0.76) and specificity (0.73–0.84) in predicting dependent, assisted living with negative predictive values from 75–81% and few false negatives 28 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it was shown that movement path length and movement displacement quantified with an infrared depth sensor during a 20-sec stepping-in-place test (ST) provided strong discriminatory data towards identifying need for ADL assistance in distinguishing community-dwelling independent-living individuals from assisted-living dependent individuals 28 ) . ST movement variables showed moderate sensitivity (0.67–0.76) and specificity (0.73–0.84) in predicting dependent, assisted living with negative predictive values from 75–81% and few false negatives 28 ) . It was speculated that variables describing ST movement pattern were assessing balance because stepping-in-place was a series of single-leg stance intermixed with leg-to-leg transitions as in gait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The stepping test, and infrared depth sensor, provide reliable measures of balance in community-dwelling older adults

Okada,

Takeshima,

Fujita

et al. 2024

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] The purpose was to examine relationships between variables characterizing the 20-second stepping test movement pattern, assessed with an infrared depth sensor (Kinect TM ), and measurements of dynamic and static balance. [Participants and Methods] A total of 27 independent-living, older adults (7 males and 20 females) participated in this study. For each participant, the stepping test total movement distance, movement displacement, knee movement distance, and step number were calculated from Kinect closed joint-point coordinate data. Dynamic and static balance were assessed using a NeuroCom Balance Master Platform system. [Results] The stepping test total movement distance had a moderate negative correlation with endpoint excursion (r=−0.469) and a moderate positive correlation with total movement distance, corrected for knee movement distance (r=0.557). Step numbers had a moderate negative correlation with stepping test total movement distance (r=−0.667) and total movement distance, corrected for knee movement distance (r=−0.531). Division into high and low-balance sub-groups (based on endpoint excursion or sway velocity scores) revealed that stepping test total movement distances and movement displacements were greater, and step numbers were fewer, in low balance groups. [Conclusion] The stepping test, combined with a Kinect TM -assessed movement pattern provides a simple, objective, reliable means for assessing balance in community-dwelling, independent-living older adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Participants and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The stepping test, and infrared depth sensor, provide reliable measures of balance in community-dwelling older adults

Okada,

Takeshima,

Fujita

et al. 2024

J Phys Ther Sci

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Test-Retest Reliability of Movement Displacement during a 20-s Stepping-in-Place Test in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with and without Supportive Care

Fujita,

Takeshima,

Sato

et al. 2024

Gerontology

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Introduction: Our recent reports have shown that movement pattern and displacement assessed with an infrared depth sensor during a 20-s stepping-in-place test (ST) correlates with measures of balance and need for assistance in older individuals. This study investigated ST test-retest reliability in community-dwelling older adults with and without supportive care. Methods: Two groups were included: those not participating (HO: n = 25, 74.7 ± 5.2 years) and those participating (DSU: n = 41, 78.8 ± 5.8 years) in regular senior day services (supportive care). HO completed three ST trials, separated by 1 week, while DSU completed two ST trials during the same half-day supportive care visit. Testing was conducted with eyes open. ST measures included head movement path distance (TMD), maximum movement displacement (MMD), knee movement path length (KMD), and stepping rate (STEP). TMD×KMD−1 ratio indicated upper-body sway relative to lower-body. Test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients, ICCs) and between-trial and between group differences (ANCOVA, adjusting for age) were assessed. Results: After adjusting for age, TMD, KMD, TMD×KMD−1 were lesser and STEP was greater in HO than DUS. HO ST variables did not differ across testing days. HO ICC (1, 3) for TMD (0.911 [95% confidence interval: 0.827–0.958]), MMD (0.918 [0.814–0.961]), KMD (0.838 [0.685–0.923]), and TMD×KMD−1 (0.940 [0.884–0.872]) showed strong to very strong reliability. Similarly, DSU ST variables did not differ across same day trials and ICC (1, 2) for TMD, KMD, and TMD×KMD−1 displayed very strong reliability. Conclusion: These ST variables exhibited excellent test-retest reliability of discriminating between community-dwelling older adults with and without supportive care.

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Discrimination of Frailty Phenotype by KinectTM-Based Stepping Parameters

Osuka,

Takeshima,

Kojima

et al. 2023

J Aging Res & Lifestyle

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A 20-sec Stepping Test and KINECT^TMSensor Provides Objective Quantification of Movement/Balance Dysfunction in Older Individuals

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

The stepping test, and infrared depth sensor, provide reliable measures of balance in community-dwelling older adults

The stepping test, and infrared depth sensor, provide reliable measures of balance in community-dwelling older adults

Test-Retest Reliability of Movement Displacement during a 20-s Stepping-in-Place Test in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with and without Supportive Care

Discrimination of Frailty Phenotype by KinectTM-Based Stepping Parameters

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