A 2-D transient multicomponent simulation model: Application to pipe wall corrosion

Naser, Gholamreza; Karney, Bryan W.

doi:10.1016/j.jher.2007.04.004

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is reasonable to assume that the chemical conditions in the solid-liquid interface are not necessarily the same that in bulk water. Close to the metallic surface, ion concentrations can be significantly higher than the bulk water and spatially heterogeneous across the pipe’s surface [45,46]. The Pourbaix diagram of solid corrosion by-products potentially formed over the metallic copper (Figure S4) in conditions of high ion concentration (HCO 3 − , Cl − , and low pH) predict the formation of cuprite or/and nantokite layers (depending on the pH) covered by passivating films of malachite, that are probably formed by cupric hydroxide ageing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine Reduction Kinetics and its Mass Balance in Copper Premise Plumbing Systems During Corrosion Events

et al. 2019

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Hypochlorous acid has been reported as the main oxidant agent responsible for the corrosion of copper plumbing systems in chlorinated water supplies. However, there is little information about chlorine consumption kinetics in a combined system (i.e., with dissolved oxygen (DO) and free chlorine), as well as its complete mass balance within a copper pipe during stagnation. The results of our experiments using copper pipes filled with synthetic drinking water, with a moderate alkalinity (pH = 7.2; dissolved inorganic carbon = 80 mg as CaCO3 /L), and tested under chlorine concentrations from 0 to 8 mg/L, show that chlorine depletion is associated with pipe wall reactions (i.e., copper oxidation and scale formation processes). Free chlorine was depleted after 4 h of stagnation and its kinetic constant depend on the initial concentration, probably due to diffusion processes. Surface analysis including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (T-XRF) suggest chlorine precipitation, probably as CuCl. The obtained kinetics of chlorine and DO reduction would be critical for modeling and prediction of corrosion events of copper premise plumbing systems. In addition, our results indicate that the pipe’s surface reactions due to corrosion induces a loss of free chlorine in the bulk water, decreasing chlorine added for disinfection and the subsequent effect on water quality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine Reduction Kinetics and its Mass Balance in Copper Premise Plumbing Systems During Corrosion Events

et al. 2019

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“…The proposed mechanistic model combines the advective transport with the physicochemical and biological reactions of the following five species: chlorine, total organic carbon (TOC), biodegradable OC (BDOC), bacteria (both suspended and attached), and THMs. Due to the homogeneous configuration of the distribution pipes, a 1-D modeling approach was selected [15] to represent the spatiotemporal distributions of the aforementioned species in WDSs. Chlorine was the disinfectant chemical inhibiting bacterial activity, while BDOC was the organic fraction acting as the substrate for bacterial regrowth.…”

Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Bacterial Regrowth and Trihalomethane Formation in Water Distribution Systems

Abhijith

Kadinski

Ostfeld

2021

Water

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The formation of bacterial regrowth and disinfection by-products is ubiquitous in chlorinated water distribution systems (WDSs) operated with organic loads. A generic, easy-to-use mechanistic model describing the fundamental processes governing the interrelationship between chlorine, total organic carbon (TOC), and bacteria to analyze the spatiotemporal water quality variations in WDSs was developed using EPANET-MSX. The representation of multispecies reactions was simplified to minimize the interdependent model parameters. The physicochemical/biological processes that cannot be experimentally determined were neglected. The effects of source water characteristics and water residence time on controlling bacterial regrowth and Trihalomethane (THM) formation in two well-tested systems under chlorinated and non-chlorinated conditions were analyzed by applying the model. The results established that a 100% increase in the free chlorine concentration and a 50% reduction in the TOC at the source effectuated a 5.87 log scale decrement in the bacteriological activity at the expense of a 60% increase in THM formation. The sensitivity study showed the impact of the operating conditions and the network characteristics in determining parameter sensitivities to model outputs. The maximum specific growth rate constant for bulk phase bacteria was found to be the most sensitive parameter to the predicted bacterial regrowth.

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“…Fernandes and Karney (2004) showed that steady and quasi‐steady assumptions for real‐life distribution systems must be reconsidered. Conducting 1‐D and 2‐D transient modeling, Naser and Karney (2007, 2008) showed that the advantages in flow and water quality representations in a 2‐D model were drastically compromised because of computational requirements and simulation time. This makes a 2‐D simulation computationally impractical for analyzing a real‐life distribution system.…”

Section: Potential Of Contaminant Intrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the potential of contaminant intrusion in water distribution systems

2014

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Contaminant intrusion in a water distribution system has three main prerequisites: the availability of a contaminant source in the proximity of the system, a driving force (low/negative pressure), and a pathway. Studying a water distribution system with cast‐iron pipes, this research developed a fuzzy rule–based model to determine the potential of contaminant intrusion through corroded iron pipes. The results illustrated the capabilities of the fuzzy rule–based model for prioritizing the junctions of a water distribution system with respect to potential for contaminant intrusion.

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A 2-D transient multicomponent simulation model: Application to pipe wall corrosion

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Chlorine Reduction Kinetics and its Mass Balance in Copper Premise Plumbing Systems During Corrosion Events

Chlorine Reduction Kinetics and its Mass Balance in Copper Premise Plumbing Systems During Corrosion Events

Modeling Bacterial Regrowth and Trihalomethane Formation in Water Distribution Systems

Predicting the potential of contaminant intrusion in water distribution systems

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