A 2.4-GHz, 27-dBm Asymmetric Multilevel Outphasing Power Amplifier in 65-nm CMOS

Godoy, Philip A.; Chung, Suk Bum; Barton, Taylor W.; Perreault, David J.; Dawson, Joel L.

doi:10.1109/jssc.2012.2202810

Cited by 102 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(13). The derivation of the average power efficiency as well as the output power is in parallel with the power efficiency calculation of a PA with a multi-level supply [41].…”

Section: Efficiency Of a Class-s Digital Outphasing Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To simplify implementation, we used a MDPC encoder sampling clock frequency of 8.6 GHz, which is again 4 times higher than the BPDSM sampling clock rate. By using an open-loop phase modulator, such as reported in [41], the same 2.15-GHz sampling clock can be used with the MDPC encoder in our prototype.…”

Section: Efficiency Of a Class-s Digital Outphasing Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concurrent Multiband Digital Outphasing Transmitter Architecture Using Multidimensional Power Coding

Chung

Shinjo

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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All-digital outphasing transmitter architecture using multidimensional power coding (MDPC) is proposed for non-contiguous concurrent multiband transmission with a high power efficiency. MDPC transforms multiband digital baseband signals into multi-bit low-resolution digital signals that drive switching-mode PAs. A prototype digital outphasing transmitter consists of two 1-GHz bandwidth GaN Class-D PAs and a Chireix power combiner. The two GaN PAs are driven by bipolar RF PWM signals, which are transformed from a concurrent dual-band LTE signal by MDPC. The dual-band LTE signal with 15-MHz aggregate channel bandwidth at 240 MHz and 500 MHz frequency band is transmitted with -30 dBc and -37 dBc out-of-band emissions, respectively. Digital outphasing achieves more than two times higher coding efficiency than conventional concurrent dual-band digital transmitters with the same PAs in Class-S operation. Measured power coding efficiencies of 35.4% and 47.1% are observed with outphasing bipolar and 3-level RF PWM signals respectively, which are encoded from the dual-band LTE signal. IEEE MTT Transaction, PA Special IssueThis work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Index Terms-Class-S power amplifier, concurrent dual-band transmitter, inter-band carrier aggregation, power coding, multiband delta-sigma modulator, outphasing.

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“…(13). The derivation of the average power efficiency as well as the output power is in parallel with the power efficiency calculation of a PA with a multi-level supply [41].…”

Section: Efficiency Of a Class-s Digital Outphasing Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efficiency Of a Class-s Digital Outphasing Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Multiband Digital Outphasing Transmitter Architecture Using Multidimensional Power Coding

Chung

Shinjo

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…Furthermore, amplitude errors limited the OPDR to 30dB in [10]. In [12] an isolating power combiner was used and supply voltage switching was implemented to maintain high efficiency at power back-off. However, this latter technique requires a highly efficient DC-DC converter not to compromise the overall efficiency of the OEPAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outphasing Class-E Power Amplifiers: From Theory to Back-Off Efficiency Improvement

Ghahremani

Annema

Nauta

2018

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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Abstract-This paper presents an analysis of outphasing class-E Power Amplifiers (OEPAs), using load-pull analyses of single class-E PAs. This analysis is subsequently used to rotate and shift power contours and rotate the efficiency contours to improve the efficiency of OEPAs at deep power back-off, to improve the Output Power Dynamic Range (OPDR) and to reduce switch voltage stress. To validate the theory a 65nm CMOS prototype, using a pcb transmission-line based power combiner was implemented. The OEPA provides +20.1dBm output power from VDD=1.25V at 1.8GHz with more than 65% Drain Efficiency (DE) and 60% Power Added Efficiency (PAE). The presented technique enables more than 49dB OPDR and 37% DE and 22% PAE at 12dB back-off with reduced switch voltage stress.

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“…In order to maintain high efficiency over a wide dynamic range, then, a promising approach is to exploit the saturated efficiency characteristic by continuing to operate in a saturated mode even as output power is modulated. Output power of a saturated PA can be controlled for example by modulating either the drain terminal, as in polar and envelope tracking techniques [1]- [3], modulation of the effective load impedance as in Doherty [4]- [6], outphasing [7]- [38], or direct load modulation [39]- [41] architectures, or through a combination of these approaches [42], [43]. In principle, the average modulated efficiency of these techniques is directly related to the extent to which saturated operation can be maintained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Way Lossless Outphasing System Based on an All-Transmission-Line Combiner

Barton

Jurkov

Pednekar

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Abstract-A lossless power combining network comprising cascaded transmission line segments in a tree structure is introduced for a multi-way outphasing architecture. This architecture addresses the suboptimal loading conditions in Chireix outphasing transmitters while offering a compact and microwavefriendly implementation compared to previous techniques. In the proposed system, four saturated power amplifiers interact through an all-transmission-line power combining network to produce nearly ideal resistive load modulation of the branch power amplifiers over a 10:1 range of output powers. This work focuses on the operation of the combining network, deriving analytical expressions for input-port admittance characteristics and an outphasing control strategy to modulate output power while minimizing reactive loading of the saturated branch amplifiers. A methodology for combiner design is given, along with a combiner design example for compact layout. An experimental four-way outphasing amplifier system operating at 2.14 GHz demonstrates the technique with greater than 60% drain efficiency for an output power range of 6.2 dB. The system demonstrates a W-CDMA modulated signal with a 9.15-dB peak to average power ratio (PAPR) with 54.5% average modulated efficiency at 41.1 dBm average output power.Index Terms-base stations, outphasing, power amplifier (PA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), Chireix, LINC, load modulation.

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A 2.4-GHz, 27-dBm Asymmetric Multilevel Outphasing Power Amplifier in 65-nm CMOS

Cited by 102 publications

References 31 publications

Concurrent Multiband Digital Outphasing Transmitter Architecture Using Multidimensional Power Coding

Concurrent Multiband Digital Outphasing Transmitter Architecture Using Multidimensional Power Coding

Outphasing Class-E Power Amplifiers: From Theory to Back-Off Efficiency Improvement

Multi-Way Lossless Outphasing System Based on an All-Transmission-Line Combiner

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