A 1600-pixel Subretinal Chip with DC-free Terminals and ±2V Supply Optimized for Long Lifetime and High Stimulation Efficiency

Monopolar vs. bipolar subretinal stimulation—An in vitro study

“…The implanted patients were able to perceive coherent structures, coded by an 'electrical image' which was generated by the subretinally implanted electrode array. As reported in Benav et al (2010) the implanted device is based on the monopolar electrode configuration (Burghartz et al, 2008;Rothermel et al, 2008).…”

Implantable CMOS Imaging Devices

“…In this architecture, one log sensor is used to obtain an ambient illumination level and the other measures the local illumination level. The pixel output is the difference between the local illumination level and the ambient or global illumination level [15,16].…”

A CMOS multichannel electrical stimulation prototype system

“…Given that some of those studies have indicated that the chronic implants could allow the diseased subjects to adapt over a period ranging between weeks and months, and the threshold current could be significantly decreased by means of close proximity of the electrodes to the retinal cells, it is believed and not impractical that for future high-density visual prostheses, a much lower perception threshold would be achieved, thus reducing the amount of output current to some extent. Based on the surveys and target to minimize system power consumption for chronic implantation, designing a stimulator with a maximum of 120-mA current output for a high-density retinal prosthesis should be within acceptable range [68]. Such a current can be obtained by connecting substimulator with 10-kΩ nominal resistor under a regulated power supply of 1.8V.…”