A 150 km distributed fiber-optic disturbance location sensor with no relay based on the dual-Sagnac interferometer employing time delay estimation

Huang, Jingwei; Chen, Yongchao; Peng, Hekuo; Zhou, Pengwei; Song, Qiuheng; Huang, Peng; Xiao, Qian; Jia, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2020.126420

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We find that the azimuth change of the major axis is obviously larger than that of the ellipticity. Our experimental results, and theory of the polarization state of the Raman fiber amplifier in single-core feedback structure, can be used in the research and development of sensors, amplifiers, lasers, polarization Scrambler, etc., and provide a basis for the study of the polarization state of these instruments [18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization Dependent Gain Stability of Raman Amplification Single-Core Feedback Structure Based on Consistency of Long-Axis Azimuths Variation

Yu,

Ma,

Jia

et al. 2023

Photonics

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The law of the polarization state of Raman fiber amplifier switch in single-core feedback structures is unknown. In this paper, two kinds of optical paths with single-core feedback structures are constructed, namely the Raman amplified Faraday rotating mirror single-core feedback structure (RFA-FRMOP) and the Raman amplified ordinary flat mirror single-core feedback structure (RFA-RMOP). In the process of optical signal amplification involving Raman fiber amplifiers, the polarization dependent gain (PDG) generated by Raman switches is affected by the polarization state, and RFA-FRMOP shows better stability. Surprisingly, polarization analysis of the RFA-FRMOP structure shows that both the ellipticity angle and the long-axis azimuth of the output feedback structure changed less than that of the signal entering the feedback structure. The consistency of the long-axis azimuth variation is the main characteristic of the RFA-FRMOP structure. It is found that the variation of the azimuth of the long axis of the RFA-FRMOP structure is obviously greater than that of the ellipticity. These conclusions provide a theoretical basis for the polarization dependent application of Raman fiber amplifiers in single-core feedback structures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization Dependent Gain Stability of Raman Amplification Single-Core Feedback Structure Based on Consistency of Long-Axis Azimuths Variation

Yu,

Ma,

Jia

et al. 2023

Photonics

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“…This requires a scheme with two loops that differ from each other by an fixed length amount L D . The scheme includes a MZI at one end of the loop [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], as shown in Figure 2 , or a linear section with a mirror at the opposite edge [ 14 , 15 ], formed using couplers or WDM modules. The formed MZIs have a length difference L D between the arms that exceeds the coherence length of a laser source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is possible to determine the beginning moments of a disturbance in interference signals in each loop, calculate a time delay, and use it to find the location of the disturbance. A method of time delay introduction, implemented based on a scheme with one unbalanced MZI, allows the creation of a sensor with a length of 180 m [ 12 ] to 120 km [ 11 ]. In different studies, a disturbance position error was approximately a few hundreds of meters for a sensor length of 10 km (1% of the sensor length) [ 13 ], and up to 60 m for a sensor length of 120 km (0.05% of the sensor length) [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A method of time delay introduction, implemented based on a scheme with one unbalanced MZI, allows the creation of a sensor with a length of 180 m [ 12 ] to 120 km [ 11 ]. In different studies, a disturbance position error was approximately a few hundreds of meters for a sensor length of 10 km (1% of the sensor length) [ 13 ], and up to 60 m for a sensor length of 120 km (0.05% of the sensor length) [ 11 ]. However, the method of time delay introduction has disadvantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Double Sagnac Interferometer Based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Zhirnov

Choban

Stepanov

et al. 2022

Sensors

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We demonstrated a fiber optic distributed acoustic sensor based on a double Sagnac interferometer, using two wavelengths separated by CWDM modules. A mathematical model of signal formation principle, based on a shift in two signals analysis, was described and substantiated mathematically. The dependence of the sensor sensitivity on a disturbance coordinate and frequency was found and simulated, and helped determine a low sensitivity zone length and provided sensor scheme optimization. A data processing algorithm without filtering, appropriate even in case of a high system noise level, was described. An experimental study of the distributed fiber optic sensor based on a Sagnac interferometer with two wavelengths divided countering loops was carried out. An accuracy of 24 m was achieved for 25.4 km SMF sensing fiber without phase unwrapping.

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“…In this method, the sensor structure includes more than two paths for the signal. By extracting the phase information from the received signals and performing cross-correlation, the event location could be determined with better accuracy than the frequency null method [9][10][11][12]. However, this improvement comes with increased sensor structure complexity and cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sagnac Loop Based Sensing System for Intrusion Localization Using Machine Learning

et al. 2022

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Among all optical sensing techniques, the distributed Sagnac loop (SI) sensor has the advantage of being simple to implement with low cost. Most of the proposed techniques for using SI exploit the frequency null method for event localization. However, such a technique suffers from the low spectrum signal power, complicating event localization under environmental noise. In this work, event localization using time-domain instead of frequency null signals is achieved using machine learning (ML), which is increasingly being exploited in many science fields, including sensing applications. First, a training dataset that includes 200 events is generated over a 50 km effective sensing fiber. These time-domain signals are considered as features for training the ML algorithm. Then, the random forest (RF) ML algorithm is used to develop a model for event location prediction. The results show the capability of ML in predicting the event’s location with 55 m mean absolute error (MAE). Further, the percentage of test realizations with prediction error > 200 m is 0.7%. The sensing signal bandwidth is investigated, showing better performance results for sensing signals of larger bandwidths. Finally, the proposed model is validated experimentally. The results showed good accuracy with MAE < 100 m.

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A 150 km distributed fiber-optic disturbance location sensor with no relay based on the dual-Sagnac interferometer employing time delay estimation

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Polarization Dependent Gain Stability of Raman Amplification Single-Core Feedback Structure Based on Consistency of Long-Axis Azimuths Variation

Polarization Dependent Gain Stability of Raman Amplification Single-Core Feedback Structure Based on Consistency of Long-Axis Azimuths Variation

Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Double Sagnac Interferometer Based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Sagnac Loop Based Sensing System for Intrusion Localization Using Machine Learning

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