A 14,000-Mr envelope protein of vaccinia virus is involved in cell fusion and forms covalently linked trimers

Rodrı́guez, José F.; Páez, Eduardo Ortega; Esteban, Mariano

doi:10.1128/jvi.61.2.395-404.1987

Cited by 119 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…70 The A27 gene of VACV encodes a 14-kDa protein, which forms covalently linked trimers localized in the intracellular mature virus form. 73 When this protein interacts with the 21-kDa protein (product of the A17 gene), a trimer is formed. The C3 monoclonal antibody raised against this protein has virus-neutralizing activity in vitro, 69 and immunization of mice with the purified form of this protein confers protection from a lethal VACV challenge.…”

Section: Antibody Responses To Other Poxvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of protective immunity in poxvirus infection: where does antibody stand?

2007

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Even though smallpox has been eradicated, the threat of accidental or intentional release has highlighted the fact there is little consensus about correlates of protective immunity or immunity against re-infection with the causative poxvirus, variola virus (VARV). As the existing vaccine for smallpox has unacceptable rates of side effects and complications, new vaccines are urgently needed. Surrogate animal models of VARV infection in humans, including vaccinia virus (VACV) and ectromelia virus (ECTV) infection in mice, monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection in macaques have been used as tools to dissect the immune response to poxviruses. Mousepox, caused by ECTV, a natural mouse pathogen, is arguably the best surrogate small-animal model, as it shares many aspects of virus biology, pathology and clinical features with smallpox in humans. The requirements for recovery from a primary ECTV infection have been well characterized and include type I and II interferons, natural killer cells, CD4T cells, CD8T cell effector function and antibody. From a vaccine standpoint, it is imperative that the requirements for recovery from secondary infection are also identified. We have investigated host immune parameters in response to a secondary ECTV infection, and have identified that interferon and CD8T cell effector functions are not essential; however, T-and B-cell interaction and antibody are absolutely critical for recovery from a secondary challenge. The central role of antibody has been also been identified in the secondary response to other poxviruses. These findings have important clinical implications and would greatly assist the design of therapeutic interventions and new vaccines for smallpox.

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Section: Antibody Responses To Other Poxvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of protective immunity in poxvirus infection: where does antibody stand?

2007

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“…A29L, M1R, and B6R MPXV antigens were selected, as candidate antigens to be delivered by BoHV-4-based vectors, as they are orthologous to A27L, L1R and B5R Vaccinia Virus (VV) antigens respectively. A27L is a 14 kDa protein thought to be involved in VV entry events [68]. L1R is a 23-29 kDa myristoylated surface protein involved in a yet-to-be-identified post viral attachment and pre-fusion events [69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BoHV-4-Based Vector Single Heterologous Antigen Delivery Protects STAT1(-/-) Mice from Monkeypoxvirus Lethal Challenge

et al. 2015

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Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the etiological agent of human (MPX). It is an emerging orthopoxvirus zoonosis in the tropical rain forest of Africa and is endemic in the Congo-basin and sporadic in West Africa; it remains a tropical neglected disease of persons in impoverished rural areas. Interaction of the human population with wildlife increases human infection with MPX virus (MPXV), and infection from human to human is possible. Smallpox vaccination provides good cross-protection against MPX; however, the vaccination campaign ended in Africa in 1980, meaning that a large proportion of the population is currently unprotected against MPXV infection. Disease control hinges on deterring zoonotic exposure to the virus and, barring that, interrupting person-to-person spread. However, there are no FDA-approved therapies against MPX, and current vaccines are limited due to safety concerns. For this reason, new studies on pathogenesis, prophylaxis and therapeutics are still of great interest, not only for the scientific community but also for the governments concerned that MPXV could be used as a bioterror agent. In the present study, a new vaccination strategy approach based on three recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) vectors, each expressing different MPXV glycoproteins, A29L, M1R and B6R were investigated in terms of protection from a lethal MPXV challenge in STAT1 knockout mice. BoHV-4-A-CMV-A29LgD106ΔTK, BoHV-4-A-EF1α-M1RgD106ΔTK and BoHV-4-A-EF1α-B6RgD106ΔTK were successfully constructed by recombineering, and their capacity to express their transgene was demonstrated. A small challenge study was performed, and all three recombinant BoHV-4 appeared safe (no weight-loss or obvious adverse events) following intraperitoneal administration. Further, BoHV-4-A-EF1α-M1RgD106ΔTK alone or in combination with BoHV-4-A-CMV-A29LgD106ΔTK and BoHV-4-A-EF1α-B6RgD106ΔTK, was shown to be able to protect, 100% alone and 80% in combination, STAT1(-/-) mice against mortality and morbidity. This work demonstrated the efficacy of BoHV-4 based vectors and the use of BoHV-4 as a vaccine-vector platform.

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“…Mouse MAbs 4, 66, 105, and 20 were produced as previously described (30). An antibody to the 14-kDa IMV protein (mouse MAb C3) was kindly provided by M. Esteban (34). Mouse MAb 12CA5 recognizing the influenza virus hemagglutinin epitope tag was purchased from BABCO (Berkeley Antibody Company, Richmond, Calif.).…”

Section: Cells and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MAb 20 reacts with a 42-kDa protein encoded by the B5R gene and is EEV specific (21,30). MAb C3 recognizes the 14-kDa protein product of the A27L gene and is IMV specific (34). MAbs 4, 66, and 105 all bound the protein on the surface of purified EEVs.…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vaccinia virus envelope glycoprotein encoded by the A33R gene

Roper

Payne

Moss

1996

J Virol

132

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With the aid of three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), a glycoprotein specifically localized to the outer envelope of vaccinia virus was shown to be encoded by the A33R gene. These MAbs reacted with a glycosylated protein that migrated as 23-to 28-kDa and 55-kDa species under reducing and nonreducing conditions, respectively. The protein recognized by the three MAbs was synthesized by all 11 orthopoxviruses tested: eight strains of vaccinia virus (including modified vaccinia virus Ankara) and one strain each of cowpox, rabbitpox, and ectromelia viruses. The observation that the protein synthesized by ectromelia virus-infected cells reacted with only one of the three MAbs provided a means of mapping the gene encoding the glycoprotein. By transfecting vaccinia virus DNA into cells infected with ectromelia virus and assaying for MAb reactivity, we mapped the glycoprotein to the A33R open reading frame. The amino acid sequence and hydrophilicity plot predicted that the A33R gene product is a type II membrane protein with two asparagine-linked glycosylation sites. Triton X-114 partitioning experiments indicated that the A33R gene product is an integral membrane protein.The ectromelia virus homolog of the vaccinia virus A33R gene was sequenced, revealing 90% predicted amino acid identity. The vaccinia and variola virus homolog sequences predict 94% identical amino acids, the latter having one fewer internal amino acid. Electron microscopy revealed that the A33R gene product is expressed on the surface of extracellular enveloped virions but not on the intracellular mature form of virus. The conservation of this protein and its specific incorporation into viral envelopes suggest that it is important for virus dissemination.

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A 14,000-Mr envelope protein of vaccinia virus is involved in cell fusion and forms covalently linked trimers

Cited by 119 publications

References 26 publications

Correlates of protective immunity in poxvirus infection: where does antibody stand?

Correlates of protective immunity in poxvirus infection: where does antibody stand?

BoHV-4-Based Vector Single Heterologous Antigen Delivery Protects STAT1(-/-) Mice from Monkeypoxvirus Lethal Challenge

Extracellular vaccinia virus envelope glycoprotein encoded by the A33R gene

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