A 120-dB Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor With Programmable Power Responsivity

Stoppa, David; Vatteroni, M.; Covi, D.; Basçhirotto, A.; Sartori, A.; Simoni, Andrea

doi:10.1109/jssc.2007.899089

Cited by 34 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This undesired lag effect is most pronounced at low light conditions, and it is caused by a long settling time constant that can exceed the frame time. Another wide dynamic image sensor based on time-to-saturation information was reported in [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The pixel attains its saturation level and extrapolates the incident light by measuring and recording the time required to attain the saturation state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celestial Object Imaging Model and Parameter Optimization for an Optical Navigation Sensor Based on the Well Capacity Adjusting Scheme

Wang

Jiang

Zhang

2017

Sensors

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The simultaneous extraction of optical navigation measurements from a target celestial body and star images is essential for autonomous optical navigation. Generally, a single optical navigation sensor cannot simultaneously image the target celestial body and stars well-exposed because their irradiance difference is generally large. Multi-sensor integration or complex image processing algorithms are commonly utilized to solve the said problem. This study analyzes and demonstrates the feasibility of simultaneously imaging the target celestial body and stars well-exposed within a single exposure through a single field of view (FOV) optical navigation sensor using the well capacity adjusting (WCA) scheme. First, the irradiance characteristics of the celestial body are analyzed. Then, the celestial body edge model and star spot imaging model are established when the WCA scheme is applied. Furthermore, the effect of exposure parameters on the accuracy of star centroiding and edge extraction is analyzed using the proposed model. Optimal exposure parameters are also derived by conducting Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the best performance of the navigation sensor. Finally, laboratorial and night sky experiments are performed to validate the correctness of the proposed model and optimal exposure parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celestial Object Imaging Model and Parameter Optimization for an Optical Navigation Sensor Based on the Well Capacity Adjusting Scheme

Wang

Jiang

Zhang

2017

Sensors

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“…Successful implementations of pixel sensors for infrared focal plane arrays (IR-FPAs) have been demonstrated many times in the literature. Both analog and digital versions of such pixel sensors can be found [1][2][3][4][5] . The analog sensors offer a larger fill factor, whereas digital pixel sensors (DPS) provide a direct digital output and can significantly improve the charge handling capability [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A PFM based digital pixel with off-pixel residue measurement for 15μm pitch MWIR FPAs

Abbasi

Shafique

Galioğlu

et al. 2016

Infrared Technology and Applications XLII

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Digital pixels based on pulse frequency modulation (PFM) employ counting techniques to achieve very high charge handling capability compared to their analog counterparts. Moreover, extended counting methods making use of leftover charge (residue) on the integration capacitor help improve the noise performance of these pixels. However, medium wave infrared (MWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs) having smaller pixel pitch are constrained in terms of pixel area which makes it difficult to add extended counting circuitry to the pixel. Thus, this paper investigates the performance of digital pixels employing off-pixel residue measurement. A circuit prototype of such a pixel has been designed for 15µm pixel pitch and fabricated in 90nm CMOS. The prototype is composed of a pixel front-end based on a PFM loop. The frontend is a modified version of conventional design providing a means for buffering the signal that needs to be converted to a digital value by an off-pixel ADC. The pixel has an integration phase and a residue measurement phase. Measured integration performance of the pixel has been reported in this paper for various detector currents and integration times.

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Actual Dynamic Ranges

McCann

Rizzi

2011

The Art and Science of HDR Imaging

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A 120-dB Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor With Programmable Power Responsivity

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Celestial Object Imaging Model and Parameter Optimization for an Optical Navigation Sensor Based on the Well Capacity Adjusting Scheme

Celestial Object Imaging Model and Parameter Optimization for an Optical Navigation Sensor Based on the Well Capacity Adjusting Scheme

A PFM based digital pixel with off-pixel residue measurement for 15μm pitch MWIR FPAs

Actual Dynamic Ranges

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