A 12-Year Retrospective Study of Equine Abortion in Michigan

Tengelsen, Leslie; Yamini, B.; Mullaney, Thomas P.; Bell, Thomas G.; Render, James A.; Patterson, Jon S.; Steficek, Barbara A.; Fitzgerald, Scott D.; Kennedy, Frances A.; Slanker, Michael R.; Ramos‐Vara, José A.

doi:10.1177/104063879700900312

Cited by 34 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Numerous reports from different countries, where the percentage of EHV1 or EHV4 isolation is much higher than the isolation of EAV, confirm this thesis (Szeredi et al 2008, Laugier et al 2011). Often, EAV was not isolated at all during the observed period , Tengelsen et al 1997, Smith et al 2003. However, the investigations conducted from 1977 through 2010 in our laboratory indicate that EAV was the cause of abortion in mares almost as equally often as EHV-1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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A 34-year retrospective study of equine viral abortion in Poland

Bażanów¹,

Frącka²,

Jackulak³

et al. 2014

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The purpose of the present review was a comparison of the abortions caused by EAV and EHV-1 viruses over the 34 years. A total of 452 tissues samples from aborted fetuses (347) or foals (105) stillborn or newborn that died within 72 hours were investigated. The material for the examinations came from different farms located throughout Poland. The tissue homogenates were examined by using virus isolation test in RK-13 and Vero cell lines and the cytopathic agent was confirmed as EHV-1 by the direct fluorescent antibody test or as EAV by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. The study indicated that EAV was isolated (104 cases, 23%) almost as equally often as EHV-1 (116 cases, 25.6%). Both, equid herpesvirus-associated abortion and the abortion induced by EAV were characterized by cyclicity. The percentage of EAV and EHV-1 isolation alternately reduced and increased, but the increase of isolation of one virus was accompanied by the decrease of the other. The domination of one virus over the other occurred in cycles of a few years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…EAV and EHV-1/4 are the causes of equine abortion in approximately 10-50% of cases, depending on the authors and horse populations studied (Tengelsen et al 1997, Laugier et al 2011, Bażanów et al 2012. In general, equine herpesvirus-associated abortions are more prevalent than abortions caused by EAV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 34-year retrospective study of equine viral abortion in Poland

Bażanów¹,

Frącka²,

Jackulak³

et al. 2014

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…EHV-1 induced abortion and death of newborn foals have been shown to occur in Europe with a frequency of 3-25% (Petzoldt et al, 1968;Luttmann et al, 1971;Platt, 1973;Benten et al, 1977;Petzoldt et al, 1987;Pospischil et al, 1992;Pálfi and Christensen, 1995) and in the USA with a frequency of 3-9% Hong et al, 1993;Tengelsen et al, 1997), while in Hungary the abortion rate was found to be 20% (Glávits et al, 1984;Rusvai et al, 1996). We found this infection in 14.9% of the cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of methods for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus type 1 infection

Szeredi¹,

Pálfi²,

Molnár³

2003

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The objective of the investigations was to study the occurrence of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection in aborted equine fetuses and in newborn foals and to compare the sensitivity of virus isolation, immunohistochemistry and histology in 101 cases and of fetal serology in 68 cases in the diagnosis of the infection. Out of the 93 aborted equine fetuses and 8 weak foals, 15 (14.9%) (14 fetuses and 1 foal) proved to be EHV-1 infected by immunohistochemical and 13 (12.9%) by virological investigation. Characteristic microscopic changes were seen in several organs in all cases, while intranuclear inclusion bodies could be found only in 25 (35.2%) of the 71 virus-positive tissue samples. Four (5.9%) cases proved to be positive by fetal serological investigation, but none of these cases showed any EHV-1 specific lesions and in none of these cases could the virus be detected by virus isolation or by immunohistochemistry. According to the results, fetal serology does not seem to be a useful test in viruspositive cases, while the immunohistochemical method seems to be a reliable and a slightly more sensitive method than virus isolation in the diagnosis of EHV-1 infection.

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“…This places the percentage of abortions for which a cause is not identified more in line with those in other large animal species. 3,16,21,22,25,26,35 Placental insufficiency may result in fetal distress syndrome due to hypoxia to the fetus and/or diminished fetal growth. A possible association of villous hypoplasia and fetal distress syndrome, as defined by defecation of meconium and aspiration of fetal fluids in utero, was beyond the scope of the study presented here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,16,25,35 As in the horse, the placenta of alpacas and llamas is epitheliochorial and diffuse, and the maternofetal interface develops synchronously. 11,28,29 This raises the question to whether microanatomic anomalies of the placenta contribute to the large percentage of abortions with undetermined cause in alpacas and llamas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Microanatomy and Histopathology of Placentas From Aborted, Stillborn, and Normally Delivered Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and Llamas (Lama glama)

Schaefer

Bildfell

Long³

et al. 2011

Vet Pathol

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From 2002 to 2007, 101 camelid abortions and stillbirths were submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Oregon State University (84 alpacas [Vicugna pacos], 13 llamas [Lama glama], 4 unknown). For most cases (n ¼ 67), a cause was not determined by routine testing. Eighty-five submissions included placenta for microscopic examination, of which 55 were from abortions to unknown causes (idiopathic). Microscopic features of placentas from abortion/stillbirth were compared with those from 19 camelids delivered normally (6 alpacas, 12 llamas, 1 unknown) and with those from 4 alpaca fetuses of known gestational age collected during the dam's necropsy. The most common microscopic findings in abortion/stillbirth placentas were mineralization (n ¼ 57) and mucinous edema (n ¼ 27) of the chorioallantoic stroma. One or more of these features were also observed in 22 of 23 placentas from normal pregnancies/deliveries and therefore interpreted as incidental findings. The comparison of alpaca placentas after matching for gestational parameters (crown-rump length, weight, days of gestation; n ¼ 41) revealed hypoplasia of placental villi in 5 of 22 idiopathic abortions and in 1 abortion due to umbilical torsion; hypoplasia was further suspected in an additional 6 abortions of unknown cause and 2 abortions of known cause. The identified villous hypoplasia is assumed to have resulted in placental insufficiency. When placental insufficiency is included as cause, idiopathic abortions are reduced from 66.2 to 47.9% of alpaca cases with histopathologic examination of placenta and from 66.3 to 52.5% of alpaca and llama abortions overall. This study also permitted the generation of a linear regression curve correlating alpaca fetal crown-rump length with fetal age.Keywords abortion, alpaca, histopathology, llama, mineralization, mucin, placenta, villous hypoplasia Annual infertility rates of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and llamas (Lama glama) range from 30 to 50%, with abortions and stillbirths adding approximately 10% to reproductive losses. 37 In most cases, the etiopathogenesis of alpaca and llama abortions remains undetermined. 6,24,37 The large percentage of idiopathic abortions and stillbirths in New World camelids, combined with the void in the current literature on abortions and their causes in these species, presents a problem for attending veterinarians and diagnosticians 20,37,40 and precludes the development of preventative strategies. In cattle, a portion of idiopathic abortions may be due to abnormal genetic, hormonal, metabolic, or developmental factors, which are difficult to identify in routine diagnostic laboratory submissions.4 Placental abnormalities, including placental insufficiency, that may result in fetal distress syndrome and death are commonly diagnosed causes of equine abortions and stillbirths. 13,16,25,35 As in the horse, the placenta of alpacas and llamas is epitheliochorial and diffuse, and the maternofetal interface develops synchronously. 11,28,29 This raises the question to whether microa...

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A 12-Year Retrospective Study of Equine Abortion in Michigan

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

A 34-year retrospective study of equine viral abortion in Poland

A 34-year retrospective study of equine viral abortion in Poland

Comparison of methods for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus type 1 infection

Characterization of the Microanatomy and Histopathology of Placentas From Aborted, Stillborn, and Normally Delivered Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and Llamas (Lama glama)

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