A 12-Week Randomized Intervention Comparing the Healthy US, Mediterranean, and Vegetarian Dietary Patterns of the US Dietary Guidelines for Changes in Body Weight, Hemoglobin A1c, Blood Pressure, and Dietary Quality among African American Adults

Turner‐McGrievy, Gabrielle; Wilson, Marvin C.; Carswell, Jessica; Okpara, Nkechi; Aydin, Halide; Bailey, Shiba; Davey, Marty; Hutto, Brent; Wilcox, Sara; Friedman, Daniela B.; Sarzynski, Mark A.; Liese, Angela D.

doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.020

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although some studies show promising results, the consensus in a systematic review and a meta-analysis show otherwise, that there is no difference in effect for low carbohydrate and high protein diets on blood glucose control in the absence of weight loss [ 58 ]. Low carbohydrate and high protein diets may not be superior to other dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet or the vegetarian diet for improvement in high blood glucose [ 57 , 59 ]. Diets that promote more satiety and less energy consumed, contribute to weight loss and better blood glucose control [ 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of ancestry-specific polygenic risk score and diet composition in type 2 diabetes

2023

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Background Carbohydrate and protein dietary proportions have been debated as to whether higher or lower levels are optimal for diabetes metabolic control. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the associations, interactions, and mediational relationships between a polygenic risk score (PRS), carbohydrate and protein intake, and physical activity level on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by genetic ancestry, in European Americans and African Americans. A secondary objective examined the biological pathways associated with the PRS-linked genes and their relationships to dietary intake. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study in 9,393 participants: 83.3% European Americans and 16.7% African Americans from 7-NHLBI Care studies obtained from the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes. The main outcome was T2DM. Carbohydrate and protein intake derived from food frequency questionnaires were calculated as percent calories. Data were analyzed using multivariable generalized estimation equation models to derive odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Ancestry-specific PRSs were constructed using joint-effects Summary Best Linear Unbiased Estimation in the train dataset and replicated in the test dataset. Mediation analysis was performed using VanderWeele’s method. Results The PRS in the highest tertile was associated with higher risk of T2DM in European Americans (OR = 1.25;CI = 1.03–1.51) and African Americans (OR = 1.54;1.14–2.09). High carbohydrate and low protein intake had lower risks of T2DM when combined with the PRS after adjusting for covariates. In African Americans, high physical activity combined with the high PRS and high protein diet was associated with a 28% lower incidence of T2DM when compared to low physical activity. In mediational models in African Americans, the PRS-T2DM association was mediated by protein intake in the highest tertile by 55%. The top PRS tertile had the highest magnitude of risks with metabolic factors that were significantly associated with T2DM, especially in European Americans. We found metabolic pathways associated with the PRS-linked genes that were related to insulin/IGF and ketogenesis/ketolysis that can be activated by moderate physical activity and intermittent fasting for better T2DM control. Conclusions Clinicians may want to consider diets with a higher portion of carbohydrates than protein, especially when the burden of high-risk alleles is great in patients with T2DM. In addition, clinicians and other medical professionals may want to emphasize the addition of physical activity as part of treatment regimen especially for African Americans. Given the metabolic pathways we identified, moderate physical activity and intermittent fasting should be explored. Researchers may want to consider longitudinal or randomized clinical trials to determine the predictive ability of different dietary patterns to inhibit T2DM in the presence of obesity and an elevated PRS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of ancestry-specific polygenic risk score and diet composition in type 2 diabetes

2023

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“…This approach recognizes that dietary components are interconnected and consumed together[ 48 ]. By evaluating dietary patterns, one can overcome the complexity of assessing individual foods or nutrients and their interactions, thus gaining a comprehensive understanding of how overall dietary quality relates to hypertension [ 49 , 50 ]. Numerous studies have conclusively shown that adopting a healthy diet is strongly correlated with reduced incidence of hypertension and lower mortality rates attributed to hypertension [ 5 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between joint physical activity and healthy dietary patterns and hypertension in US adults: cross-sectional NHANES study

Zhu,

Wang

2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Lack of physical activity (PA), poor dietary habits, or other unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are potential modifiable risk factors for hypertension. It has been sufficiently demonstrated in previous studies that physical activity or healthy dietary patterns can reduce the risk of hypertension. However, no research focused on the joint effects of PA and healthy dietary patterns on hypertension in a representative sample of adults. Methods We used data collected from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Healthy dietary patterns were assessed with the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), and PA was measured using the metabolic equivalent minutes per week reported in questionnaires. We created four lifestyle categories based on the HEI-2015 and PA: (1) unhealthy diet and physically inactive (less than recommended PA), (2) healthy diet but physically inactive, (3) unhealthy diet but physically active (recommended PA), (4) healthy diet and physically active. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between joint PA and HEI-2015 and hypertension. Results A total of 24,453 participants were enrolled in the study. Compared with unhealthy diet and physically inactive individuals, only healthy diet and physically active participants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.77, 95% CI 0.65–0.9) were negatively associated with hypertension, while healthy diet but physically inactive participants (AOR: 0.89, 95% CI 0.76–1.03) and unhealthy diet but physically active participants (AOR: 0.9, 95% CI 0.76–1.06) were not associated with hypertension. Conclusion In a representative sample of US adults, our findings suggest that individuals with recommended PA and healthy dietary patterns have a lower risk of hypertension than those with an unhealthy diet or less than recommended PA. Healthy eating habits and regular PA are potential preventive precautions against hypertension.

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“…Dietary patterns according to USDA dietary guidelines Parallel. 12 weeks SBP and DBP decreased in all groups (− 5.5 ± 2.7 mmHg HUS, − 3.2 ± 2.5 mmHg Med, − 2.4 ± 2.9 mmHg Veg; statistical significance only in HUS), yet changes were not significantly different between groups [ 169 ] 98, 51.1 (9.8) y (AHA group) and 49.2 (8.9) y (FLiO group) Overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD (1) American Heart Association (AHA) dietary group or (2) the FLiO dietary group. The FLiO diet proposed a high adherence to the Med diet Parallel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Based Diets Reduce Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence

Tomé‐Carneiro

Visioli

2023

Curr Hypertens Rep

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Purpose of Review Accumulating data on the consumption of plant-based diets and their impact on blood pressure indicate a consensus that plant-based diets are linked to reduced blood pressure. The suggested mechanisms of action are manifold, and, in this systematic review, we provide a summary of the most recent findings on plant-based diets and their impact on blood pressure, along with an analysis of the molecules accountable for the observed effects. Recent Findings The overwhelming majority of intervention studies demonstrate that plant-based diets result in lower blood pressure readings when compared to diets that are based on animal products. The various mechanisms of action are being clarified. Summary The data discussed in this systematic review allow us to conclude that plant-based diets are associated with lower blood pressure and overall better health outcomes (namely, on the cardiovascular system) when compared to animal-based diets. The mechanisms of action are being actively investigated and involve many macro- and micronutrients plentiful in plants and the dishes prepared with them.

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A 12-Week Randomized Intervention Comparing the Healthy US, Mediterranean, and Vegetarian Dietary Patterns of the US Dietary Guidelines for Changes in Body Weight, Hemoglobin A1c, Blood Pressure, and Dietary Quality among African American Adults

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Analysis of ancestry-specific polygenic risk score and diet composition in type 2 diabetes

Analysis of ancestry-specific polygenic risk score and diet composition in type 2 diabetes

Association between joint physical activity and healthy dietary patterns and hypertension in US adults: cross-sectional NHANES study

Plant-Based Diets Reduce Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence

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