A 100KHz-1GHz Termination-dependent Human Body Communication Channel Measurement using Miniaturized Wearable Devices

Avlani, Shitij; Nath, Mayukh; Maity, Shovan; Sen, Shreyas

doi:10.23919/date48585.2020.9116556

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The use of a carrier signal allows shifting HBC’s frequency of operation to avoid possible external interferences. Authors in [ 3 ] provides a comprehensive survey of different channel modulation techniques used for HBCs (e.g., OOK, FSK, QPSK, and BPSK) and the criteria used in the referenced works to select a particular channel modulation technique and carrier frequency based on channel loss measurements [ 5 , 12 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ].…”

Section: Human Body Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Body–Electrode Interfaces for Wide-Frequency Sensing and Communication: A Review

et al. 2021

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Several on-body sensing and communication applications use electrodes in contact with the human body. Body–electrode interfaces in these cases act as a transducer, converting ionic current in the body to electronic current in the sensing and communication circuits and vice versa. An ideal body–electrode interface should have the characteristics of an electrical short, i.e., the transfer of ionic currents and electronic currents across the interface should happen without any hindrance. However, practical body–electrode interfaces often have definite impedances and potentials that hinder the free flow of currents, affecting the application’s performance. Minimizing the impact of body–electrode interfaces on the application’s performance requires one to understand the physics of such interfaces, how it distorts the signals passing through it, and how the interface-induced signal degradations affect the applications. Our work deals with reviewing these elements in the context of biopotential sensing and human body communication.

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Section: Human Body Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Body–Electrode Interfaces for Wide-Frequency Sensing and Communication: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…In this manuscript, we demonstrate that the amplitude of these surface waves is actually dependent on the dimensions of the dielectric as well. This seems like an obvious observation from a waveguide analysis perspective, but this effect is not acknowledged in the BCC research community [14], [26]. Our research suggests that also in BCC the propagation between body-worn transducing elements will be governed by the availability of propagating modes and that the ability to couple to such a mode will not only depend on the type of coupler and the dielectric parameters of the medium, as was previously suggested in [14], but that these will also depend on the dimensions of the body (parts) on which the elements are placed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Mounted Parallel-Plate Coupler for Cylindric Dielectric Waveguides

Thielens

Benarrouch

Cathelin

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Surface-mounted parallel-plate capacitors (PPCs) can be used as transducing elements in wireless communication, for example in human body-dedicated applications, such as healthcare monitoring or activity tracking, which require robust wireless communications and user-convenient implementation. In this context, PPCs are an attractive element due to their mobility, noninvasive positioning, and small form factors. Moreover, they are relatively easy to analyze with a simple design. This work studies the use of PPCs on dielectric, cylindrical waveguides as a precursor to the relatively complex electromagnetic environment that the human body is. The electromagnetic fields surrounding PPCs placed on a dielectric medium are described theoretically. This theory involves a combination of surface waves, inductive coupling, and quasi-static coupling between PPCs. In dielectric (cylindric) waveguides, the material's dimensions, and frequency of excitation dictate whether propagation of certain modes can occur. This manuscript shows, on the one hand, that these modes can be excited by a surface-mounted waveguide coupler such as PPCs, and on the other hand, that the associated propagation is governed by modal characteristics.

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“…1(b) shows the channel responses for a typical HBC channel and a proximity communication channel, as two examples of lossy broad-band channels. Though it's very challenging to figure out the exact HBC channel characteristics for higher frequencies, recent advancements in this field confirm the HBC channel to be flat-band upto ≈ 20 MHz [30] along with a flatband channel loss as high as ≈ 70 dB. Similarly, in case of proximity channel, the flat-band can extend upto ∼ 4 GHz (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Theoretical Analysis of Multi Integrating RX Front-Ends for Lossy Broad-Band Channels

Chowdhury

Maity

Sen

2021

IEEE Open J. Circuits Syst.

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Recent advances in wire-like communication channels without a physical wire has seen the emergence of wirelinelike broadband channels but with atypical high loss. Communication links using such channels (e.g. Proximity Communication, Human Body Communication) are typically broadband, like wireline systems but noise-limited like wireless systems. Hence, employing broad-band communication through such emerging channels calls for new research on analyzing, designing and finding the theoretical limits for receiver topologies suitable for lossy broad-band channels. In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis framework for various broadband receivers in combination with low-noise amplifiers and proposed multiintegrator cascade, which provides significant gain with relatively lower power consumption than the standard gain elements. Through 1) derivation of new noise analysis of integratingsampling receivers, 2) proposal of a new circuit topology (multiintegrating receiver, MIR) and 3) development of a thorough design space exploration framework, including use of a combination of wireless-inspired Low-noise amplifiers (LNA) with wirelineinspired strong-ARM latches, and the newly proposed MIRs, this paper demonstrates the optimum design choices for some common scenarios. Maximum achievable data rate and optimum energy-efficiency for various channel losses have been obtained theoretically for different topologies revealing their advantages and limitations, intended to serve as a guide for future receiver designs for lossy broad-band channels. All the circuits have been designed in 65 nm CMOS process with a 1 V supply voltage.

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A 100KHz-1GHz Termination-dependent Human Body Communication Channel Measurement using Miniaturized Wearable Devices

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Human Body–Electrode Interfaces for Wide-Frequency Sensing and Communication: A Review

Human Body–Electrode Interfaces for Wide-Frequency Sensing and Communication: A Review

Surface-Mounted Parallel-Plate Coupler for Cylindric Dielectric Waveguides

Theoretical Analysis of Multi Integrating RX Front-Ends for Lossy Broad-Band Channels

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