A 10-year review of cannabis exposure in children under 3-years of age: do we need a more global approach?

Claudet, Isabelle; Breton, Mathilde Le; Bréhin, Camille; Franchitto, Nicolas

doi:10.1007/s00431-017-2872-5

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Here, we show that repeated exposure of preadolescent healthy mice to THC at doses that have relevance to human recreational use (102) induce neuronal reorganization in the hippocampus: according to the Food and Drug Administration, an experimental dose of 1 mg/kg THC for a mouse is equivalent to a dose of 0.081 mg/kg THC for humans, due to the different metabolic rates of the two species. This supports the rationale of our in vivo experiments together with reports on childhood intoxications that indicate high substance concentrations (103,104). Equally alarming is that THC concentrations can reach >300 ng/ml in the milk of breastfeeding mothers and be detectable for >6 days after the last exposure (105), which could see significant THC build-up in infants of small bodyweight.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Adverse effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on neuronal bioenergetics during postnatal development

Beiersdorf¹,

Hevesi²,

Calvigioni³

et al. 2020

JCI Insight

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Ongoing societal changes in views on medical and recreational roles of cannabis increased the use of concentrated plant extracts with a Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of >90%. Even though prenatal THC exposure is widely considered adverse for neuronal development, equivalent experimental data for young age cohorts are largely lacking. Here, we administered plant-derived THC (1 or 5 mg/kg) to mice daily during postnatal days (P)5-16 and P5-35 and monitored its effects on hippocampal neuronal survival and specification by high resolution imaging and the hippocampal proteome by iTRAQ proteomics, respectively. We find that THC indiscriminately affects pyramidal cells and both cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) + and CB1Rinterneurons by P16. THC particularly disrupted the expression of mitochondrial proteins (complexes I-IV), a change that had persisted even 4 months after the end of drug exposure. This was reflected by a THC-induced loss of membrane integrity occluding mitochondrial respiration and could be partially or completely rescued by pH stabilization, antioxidants, bypassed glycolysis, and targeting either mitochondrial soluble adenylyl cyclase or the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel. Overall, THC exposure during infancy induces significant and longlasting reorganization of neuronal circuits through mechanisms that, in a large part, render cellular bioenergetics insufficient to sustain key developmental processes in otherwise healthy neurons. Cck BAC/DsRed colony founders and Dr. Yuchio Yanagawa (Gunma Medical School, Japan) for Gad1 gfp/+ mice. Super-resolution microscopy of TOM20-stained mitochondria was performed on an ELYRA PS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Adverse effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on neuronal bioenergetics during postnatal development

Beiersdorf¹,

Hevesi²,

Calvigioni³

et al. 2020

JCI Insight

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“…36 Of note, accidental overdose of cannabis has been associated with multiple adverse effects, including reports of seizures among toddlers, which may be because of the toxicity of highdose THC. 37 The paucity of the studies limits our understanding of long-term risks associated with medical cannabinoids in pediatric populations. In the absence of substantive quality data from literature on medical cannabinoids, we highlight the findings of harms from recreational cannabis literature.…”

Section: Risks Of Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Cannabinoids in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2017

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“…The hyperphagic effect of THC in humans and rodents was previously shown (13). Several reports described poisoning by oral cannabis in children with the most common neurologic symptoms including lethargy, ataxia, tachycardia, mydriasis, respiratory depression, and hypotonia (14). The effect of THC on energy regulation has been conducted with confl icting results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects in rats of adolescent exposure to Cannabis sativa on emotional behavior and adipose tissue

Kamali-Sarvestani¹,

Hoseini²,

Mehrabani³

et al. 2020

BLL

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OBJECTIVE: Cannabis sativa L has remained the most widely used recreational and abused drug worldwide. This study determined adipose tissue histological changes and the anxiety-like behavior in elevated plusmaze tests in rats treated with C. sativa. METHODS: C. sativa L. was provided from Islamic Azad University Herbarium. To reach cannabis powder, a rotary evaporator was used. Forty-fi ve male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups of experimental receiving 2 mg/kg of cannabis extract dissolved in 70 % ethanol in 0.6 mL volume subcutaneously daily for three weeks, the sham group subcutaneously injected with equal volume of 70 % ethanol and the control receiving just distilled water, identically. To assess the anxiety level, elevated plus maze was used. Histopathological changes in adipose tissue was evaluated after 7, 14, and 21 days post-intervention. RESULTS: After cannabis administration, infl ammation, degeneration and necrosis in adipose tissue occured. Regarding the anxiety level for the percentage of time spent in open arm (OAT), the percentage of time spent in closed arm (CAT), the percentage of time spent in central parts, and head dipping over the side of the maze) after one week, no signifi cant difference was noticed between the groups; but 2 and 3 weeks of cannabis use, the anxiety level signifi cantly increased. CONCLUSION: Histological fi ndings denoted to infl ammation, degeneration and necrosis in adipose tissue after cannabis use. Behavioral assessment of anxiety level revealed that one week after cannabis, no changes were seen in anxiety, but 2 and 3 weeks after cannabis use, the anxiety level increased signifi cantly (Fig. 5, Ref. 38).

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A 10-year review of cannabis exposure in children under 3-years of age: do we need a more global approach?

Cited by 46 publications

References 13 publications

Adverse effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on neuronal bioenergetics during postnatal development

Adverse effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on neuronal bioenergetics during postnatal development

Medical Cannabinoids in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Effects in rats of adolescent exposure to Cannabis sativa on emotional behavior and adipose tissue

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