A 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Mind Body Exercise (Tai Chi) With Stretching and Toning Exercise on Cognitive Function in Older Chinese Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline

Lam, Linda Chiu Wa; Chau, Rachel C. M.; Wong, Billy M. L.; Fung, Ada Wai Tung; Tam, Cindy W. C.; Leung, Gph; Kwok, Timothy; Leung, Tung Ming; Ng, Sammy; Chan, Wai Man

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.03.008

Cited by 188 publications

(257 citation statements)

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“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Table 2 includes 9 studies in populations that reported varying degrees of cognitive impairment, ranging from MCI to irreversible dementia. 9,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Eight studies were conducted in the United States, 7 in China, 3 in France, and 1 in both Japan and Vietnam. All but one study 22 focused on older adults with average ages above 60.…”

Section: Study Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 16 prospective studies, 8 interventions were described as variations of Yang style Tai Chi, [27][28][29][32][33][34]38,39 3 of Sun style, 25,31,37 and 1 of Tai Chi Chih. 23 In all cases, interventions were described as simplified, and/or included a subset of movements typically learned in traditional longer Tai Chi forms.…”

Section: Intervention and Control Group Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Tai-Chi on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

WaynePeter

WalshJacquelyn

Taylor-PiliaeRuth

et al. 2014

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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OBJECTIVES-Summarize and critically evaluate research on the effects of Tai Chi on cognitive function in older adults. DESIGN-Systematic review with meta-analysis. SETTING-Community and residential care.PARTICIPANTS-Individuals aged 60 and over (with the exception of one study) with and without cognitive impairment. MEASUREMENTS-Cognitive ability using a variety of neuropsychological testing.RESULTS-Twenty eligible studies with a total of 2,553 participants were identified that met inclusion criteria for the systematic review: 11 of the 20 eligible studies were randomized Conflict of Interest:The editor in chief has reviewed the conflict of interest checklist provided by the authors and has determined that the authors have no financial or any other kind of personal conflicts with this paper.Author Contributions: Peter M. Wayne conceived the idea for this study. In addition, Peter M. Wayne wrote the first draft, extracted data, and evaluated studies for methodological quality and risk of bias. Jacquelyn N. Walsh contributed to the first draft and extracted data. Ruth E. Taylor-Piliae conducted meta-analyses and contributed to the manuscript. Gloria Y. Yeh extracted data, evaluated studies for methodological quality and risk of bias, and contributed to the manuscript. Rebecca E. Wells, Kathryn V. Papp, and Nancy J. Donovan all contributed to the manuscript. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript controlled trials (RCTs), 1 was a prospective non-randomized controlled study, 4 were prospective non-controlled observational studies, and 4 were cross-sectional studies. Overall quality of RCTs was modest, with 3 of 11 trials categorized as high risk of bias. Meta-analyses of outcomes related to executive function in RCTs of cognitively healthy adults indicated a large effect size when Tai Chi was compared to non-intervention controls (Hedge's g=0.90; p=0.043) and moderate effect size when compared to exercise controls (Hedge's g=0.51; p=0.003). Meta-analyses of outcomes related to global cognitive function in RCTs of cognitively impaired adults, ranging from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, showed smaller but statistically significant effects when Tai Chi was compared to both non-intervention controls (Hedge's g=0.35; p=0.004) and other active interventions (Hedge's g=0.30; p=0.002). Findings from non-randomized studies add further evidence that Tai Chi may positively impact these and other domains of cognitive function. CONCLUSION-TaiChi shows potential to enhance cognitive function in older adults, particularly in the realm of executive functioning and in those individuals without significant impairment. Larger and methodologically sound trials with longer follow-up periods are needed before more definitive conclusions can be drawn.

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Section: Study Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intervention and Control Group Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Tai-Chi on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

WaynePeter

WalshJacquelyn

Taylor-PiliaeRuth

et al. 2014

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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“…6,7 Tai Chi improves balance, as shown by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. 8 However, studies that compare Tai Chi to other moderate exercises are still rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balance, General Cognition and Lower Motoric Strength in Elderly: Tai Chi Versus Brisk Walking

Anam¹,

Moelino²,

Pratiwi³

2017

amj

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Background: The number of elderly in Indonesia continues to increase. A better quality of life can be achieved by preventing reduction of elderly's cognition, balance and strength of the lower extremities. Tai Chi has been suggested as one of the sports to maintain cognition, balance and lower extremity strength for elder people. However, there are still few studies that compare Tai Chi to other exercises. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of practicing Tai Chi verrsus brisk walking. Methods: The study design was observational, cross-sectional. Elderly who practiced Tai Chi and Briskwalk in Tegalega sport field were chosen as the target population. The respondents must be at least 60 years old, no history of cardiovascular disease in the last 3 months, no musculoskeletal complaints, no obvious signs and symptoms of chronic diseases. Afterwards, the respondents were examined using Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test for balance, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for cognition and leg dynamometer for the lower extrimities strength. The collected data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney statistical test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: No significant difference was detected among the three parameters between Tai Chi group (TCG) and Brisk Walking group (BWG). Difference of 0.5 (p=0.314) and 0.6 (p=0.554) was found for TUG Test and MoCA Test between TCG and BWG using Mann Whitney. The leg dynamometer was tested using Kolmogorovsmirnov (p = 1.00). Conclusions: Similar result of balance, cognition, and lower motor strength are found between TCG and BWG.

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“…These include identifying treatable causes of cognitive decline (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency, hypothyroidism, chronic infections, depression, hearing and visual deficits and anticholinergic drugs) (39)(40)(41)(42). In addition, there is now solid data suggesting that physical exercise will delay or reverse early cognitive decline as well as physical frailty (43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48). There is some evidence suggesting that hypogonadism in males is associated with rapid transit from MCI to Alzheimer's disease and that testosterone replacement may improve cognitive function (49)(50)(51).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frailty and cognition: Linking two common syndromes in older persons

Malmstrom

Morley

2013

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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A 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Mind Body Exercise (Tai Chi) With Stretching and Toning Exercise on Cognitive Function in Older Chinese Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline

Cited by 188 publications

References 23 publications

The Impact of Tai-Chi on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Impact of Tai-Chi on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Balance, General Cognition and Lower Motoric Strength in Elderly: Tai Chi Versus Brisk Walking

Frailty and cognition: Linking two common syndromes in older persons

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