A 1-Year Follow-Up Study of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia Among People in Care Environments

Ballard, Clive; Margallo-Lana, Marisa; Fossey, Jane; Reichelt, Katharina; Myint, Pat; Potkins, Dawn; O'brien, J.V.

doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n0810

Cited by 148 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

123

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We found that irritability, agitation and disinhibition are the most prevalent NPS in nursing homes, which correspond to other studies (Ballard et al, 2001;. In contrast, apathy, depression and aberrant motor behavior are found to be more prevalent among outpatients (Aalten et al, 2005).…”

Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Not surprisingly therefore, the prevalence of NPS among community-dwelling patients with dementia is lower (Lyketsos et al, 2002;Aalten et al, 2005;Savva et al, 2009) than among patients living in nursing homes (Ballard et al, 2001;. Previous studies assessing the course of NPS have included community-dwelling patients Marin et al, 1997;Haupt et al, 2000;Aalten et al, 2005;Ryu et al, 2005) and nursing home patients Wagner et al, 1995;Ballard et al, 2001;Wancata et al, 2003;Selbaek et al, 2008b;. Although the studies differ in terms of their assessment instruments, length of the follow-up period and number of assessments within the follow-up period, they have some results in common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB)

Bergh

Selbæk

Engedal

2008

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThe Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) is developed to test cognitive function in patients with dementia of moderate to severe degree. We have conducted a study to assess the inter‐rater reliability and the validity of the Norwegian version of SIB.MethodsThe reliability study comprised 30 patients, and the validity study 59 patients in nursing homes. We assessed Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale and the inter‐rater reliability for the total SIB score and its nine sub scores between two testers by means of the Spearman's correlation coefficients. In the validity study we compared the SIB scores with the scores on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale.ResultsThe mean SIB score was 72.10 (SD 25.37). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.97, and the inter‐rater reliability of total SIB score was Spearman's rho 0.85, and ranged from 0.46 to 0.76 for the nine sub‐scores. The mean SIB score for patients with a CDR score < 2 was 84.2(13.4), whereas total scores for patients with CDR 2 and 3 were 74 (18.9) and 48.4 (33.3), respectively. A cut‐off point of 80.5 points gave the highest accuracy in discriminating between patients with CDR 2 and CDR 3, while a cut‐off point of 87.5 best discriminated between CDR < 2 and CDR 3.ConclusionThe study indicates that the Norwegian version of SIB is a reliable and valid test with which to evaluate the cognition in patients with dementia of moderate to severe degree. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB)

Bergh

Selbæk

Engedal

2008

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Non-pharmacological approaches have been used successfully to reduce behavioral disturbances (Rovner et al, 1996;Sloane et al, 2004). Furthermore, most studies proving the effectiveness of antipsychotics have been performed over shorter periods of time, while studies lasting over a whole year (Ballard et al, 2001) and discontinuation studies Thapa et al, 1994) have found no benefits from ongoing antipsychotic medication for a majority of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between antipsychotic drug use and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in old people with cognitive impairment living in geriatric care

Lövheim

Sandman

Kallin

et al. 2006

Int. Psychogeriatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Relationship between antipsychotic drug use and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in old people with cognitive impairment living in geriatric care.. International psychogeriatrics, ABSTRACTBackground: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) commonly occur among cognitively impaired people in geriatric care. BPSD are often managed with antipsychotic drugs, despite the associated serious health risks. The aim of the present study was to discover factors associated with the use of antipsychotics.

show abstract

“…32 Studies show that specialist care home liaison improves the management of challenging behaviour, reduces antipsychotic drug prescribing, use of GP time and admission to hospital. 33,34 It also provides training in person-centered care and behaviour management. 35 Similarly, staff in general hospitals often have difficulty getting access to specialist advice.…”

Section: Role Of Specialist Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing challenging behaviour in older adults with dementia

Krishnamoorthy¹,

Anderson²

2011

Prog Neurol Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry 20C hallenging behaviour is a term that has been adapted from the field of learning disability, 1 and incorporates other terms used previously such as behavioural disturbance, problematic behaviours, behavioural problems and difficult behaviour. The concept takes into account the intrinsic and extrinsic factors involved in the aetiology. 2 Challenging behaviour puts a strain on caregivers and reduces quality of life of ser vice users and staff, leading to transfer between care setting, institutionalisation, referral to psychiatric services and admission to hospital. 3 Challenging behaviour can occur with any mental health problem but is most common and demanding in dementia. The term behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is linked to challenging behaviour, as these symptoms often result in challenging behaviour. For the purpose of this article, challenging behaviour and BPSD are used interchangeably and the focus is on dementia, although most of the principles apply generally. Size of the problemThe prevalence of BPSD varies depending on the situation, eg community, care home or hospital, how the symptoms are measured and the severity of dementia. Dementia is a syndrome caused by number of illnesses in which there is a progressive decline in cognitive function and the ability to carry out activities of daily living. There are about 700 000 people with dementia in the UK. BPSD is a strong predictor of carer distress, 4 entry into social care, 5 and is associated with impaired functional ability, poorer prognosis and caregiver burden. It also makes discharge from hospital more difficult. 6 BPSD affects up to 95 per cent of people with dementia at some point. 7 BPSD fall into three main groups: agitation, psychosis and mood disorder. 5 They increase in frequency and severity as the dementia progresses and become evident in the moderately severe stage of dementia when people are beginning to lose an awareness of their disability. Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, anxiety, depression, apathy, agitation, misidentification and disinhibition, possibly together with behaviours such as calling out/shouting, repetitive questioning, inappropriate incontinence, sexually inappropriate behaviour, wandering and aggression. 7,8 Understanding challenging behaviour Challenging behaviour has been defined as an active attempt by the person to express an unmet need, which could be physiological or psychological. 8 It can be a manifestation of distress or suffering, or a reaction to distress in the carer, which may in turn increase the behavioural problems. 9 Before any treatment can be formulated, the challenging behaviour needs to be understood, and for this, a person-centred approach is essential. 10 This means that the behaviour needs to be understood on the basis of the function it serves for that individual and the reasons behind it. Rather than see challenging behaviour as a problem it should be seen as a method of communication: what is the person trying to tel...

show abstract

A 1-Year Follow-Up Study of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia Among People in Care Environments

Cited by 148 publications

References 0 publications

Reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB)

Reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB)

Relationship between antipsychotic drug use and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in old people with cognitive impairment living in geriatric care

Managing challenging behaviour in older adults with dementia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About