A 1-V series-array Josephson voltage standard operated at 35 GHz

Müller, F.; Kohler, Heiner; Weber, P.; Blüthner, K.; Meyer, H.‐G.

doi:10.1063/1.346149

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Before the 1980s ended, both NIST (Lloyd et al 1987) and PTB (Pöpel et al 1990) independently fabricated arrays capable of generating 10 V, with up to 20 000 JJs. Operation at much lower frequencies was also demonstrated by the group at Jena University (Müller et al 1990) and later on at NIST (Hamilton et al 1991). They reached 1 V with 35 and 24 GHz microwaves, respectively.…”

Section: Josephson Series Arrays For DC Voltage Standardsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Development and metrological applications of Josephson arrays at PTB

Behr¹,

Kieler²,

Kohlmann³

et al. 2012

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The discovery of the Josephson effects 50 years ago initiated a revolution for electrical voltage metrology. This revolution started with single Josephson junctions delivering a few millivolt at most. Meanwhile, highly integrated series arrays containing more than 10 000 or even 300 000 junctions have been developed and fabricated for output voltages up to 10 V. Josephson voltage standards are nowadays used in many laboratories worldwide for dc applications. After their adoption for the representation of the unit of voltage in 1990, the focus of research shifted towards programmable Josephson series arrays. The increasing interest in highly precise ac voltages resulted in new developments for their metrological applications in the last 15 years. This paper summarizes the principal contributions from PTB to the present state of Josephson voltage standards with particular focus on developments and applications for ac standards in metrology and our proof-of-concept demonstrations. The presentation includes the two most promising versions of ac standards, being the programmable Josephson voltage standard based on binary divided series arrays and the Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer based on a pulse-driven series array.

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Section: Josephson Series Arrays For DC Voltage Standardsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Development and metrological applications of Josephson arrays at PTB

Behr¹,

Kieler²,

Kohlmann³

et al. 2012

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…The following non-exhaustive list gives the composition of jj that have been studied for the realization of JVS. SIS arrays were realized with Nb/NbO x /PbInAu (A) [15,17,[24][25][26][27][28][29]. The first 1 V array had a total of 1474 PbInAu/PbO x /PbAu (B) SIS jj driven at 90 GHz [30].…”

Section: Materials and Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Josephson comparison results

Wood

Solve

2009

Metrologia

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In March 2009, the Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism (CCEM) reviewed and re-endorsed its recommendations originally proposed during its 25th meeting (April 2007) for changes in the SI electrical units (Recommendation E-1). Among its considerations, the document stated that the representation of the volt using the Josephson effect and the conventional value of the Josephson constant, K J−90 , has provided practical, accessible, reproducible, low noise and highly linear references worldwide since 1990. We summarize the measurement results of comparisons between Josephson voltage standards that help support this statement, especially concerning the accuracy and the simplicity of the Josephson relationship between voltage and frequency. We also detail a list of influence parameters and the ranges over which the Josephson relationship has been tested.

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“…4, increases with f and is ultimately set by a trade-off between stability and the economics of providing a very-high-frequency microwave source. While stable arrays have been demonstrated at frequencies as low as 24 GHz, 68,69 most practical standards operate in the range 70-96 GHz. Table I lists a typical set of junction parameters for a commonly used design.…”

Section: ͑1͒mentioning

confidence: 99%