A 1-D modelling study of Arctic sea-ice salinity

Griewank, Philipp; Notz, Dirk

doi:10.5194/tc-9-305-2015

Cited by 24 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Our lower value for

D_{tur}

for VC10 is likely due to different time scales for the tuning target (several weeks for (Vancoppenolle et al, ), compared to several days for this study). Our

α_{GN}

is larger than those presented in Griewank and Notz () and Griewank and Notz (). However, inspecting our parameter space we find low sensitivity to this parameter, and similar results could have been achieved using the original parameter (see supplementary information).…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 88%

Tracer Measurements in Growing Sea Ice Support Convective Gravity Drainage Parameterizations

et al. 2020

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Gravity drainage is the dominant process redistributing solutes in growing sea ice. Modeling gravity drainage is therefore necessary to predict physical and biogeochemical variables in sea ice. We evaluate seven gravity drainage parameterizations, spanning the range of approaches in the literature, using tracer measurements in a sea ice growth experiment. Artificial sea ice is grown to around 17 cm thickness in a new experimental facility, the Roland von Glasow air‐sea‐ice chamber. We use NaCl (present in the water initially) and rhodamine (injected into the water after 10 cm of sea ice growth) as independent tracers of brine dynamics. We measure vertical profiles of bulk salinity in situ, as well as bulk salinity and rhodamine in discrete samples taken at the end of the experiment. Convective parameterizations that diagnose gravity drainage using Rayleigh numbers outperform a simpler convective parameterization and diffusive parameterizations when compared to observations. This study is the first to numerically model solutes decoupled from salinity using convective gravity drainage parameterizations. Our results show that (1) convective, Rayleigh number‐based parameterizations are our most accurate and precise tool for predicting sea ice bulk salinity; and (2) these parameterizations can be generalized to brine dynamics parameterizations, and hence can predict the dynamics of any solute in growing sea ice.

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“…Our lower value for

D_{tur}

for VC10 is likely due to different time scales for the tuning target (several weeks for (Vancoppenolle et al, ), compared to several days for this study). Our

α_{GN}

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 88%

Tracer Measurements in Growing Sea Ice Support Convective Gravity Drainage Parameterizations

et al. 2020

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“…The fact that there exist impurities within sea ice has been known for nigh on a century (see Malmgren, ), and documentation of its heterogeneities, as well as the impact they have on the mechanical and thermal properties of the ice, has been carried out ever since (Cox & Weeks, ; Eicken, ; Schwerdtfecer, ). Worster and Rees Jones () provide a comprehensive review of the laboratory experiments (i.e., Huppert & Worster, ), and theoretical work (Feltham et al, ; Huppert & Worster, ; Worster, ), that has led to contemporary models of sea ice (Griewank & Notz, ; Rees Jones & Worster, ; Turner et al, ; Vancoppenolle et al, ; Wells et al, ). While these models have improved drastically over the years, and have greatly increased our understanding of the small‐scale physics that dictate the formation and evolution of sea ice, there remain numerically unconstrained processes and others that need refinement (Petrich & Eicken, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphase Reactive Transport and Platelet Ice Accretion in the Sea Ice of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

2018

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Sea ice seasonally to interannually forms a thermal, chemical, and physical boundary between the atmosphere and hydrosphere over tens of millions of square kilometers of ocean. Its presence affects both local and global climate and ocean dynamics, ice shelf processes, and biological communities. Accurate incorporation of sea ice growth and decay, and its associated thermal and physiochemical processes, is underrepresented in large‐scale models due to the complex physics that dictate oceanic ice formation and evolution. Two phenomena complicate sea ice simulation, particularly in the Antarctic: the multiphase physics of reactive transport brought about by the inhomogeneous solidification of seawater, and the buoyancy driven accretion of platelet ice formed by supercooled ice shelf water onto the basal surface of the overlying ice. Here a one‐dimensional finite difference model capable of simulating both processes is developed and tested against ice core data. Temperature, salinity, liquid fraction, fluid velocity, total salt content, and ice structure are computed during model runs. The model results agree well with empirical observations and simulations highlight the effect platelet ice accretion has on overall ice thickness and characteristics. Results from sensitivity studies emphasize the need to further constrain sea ice microstructure and the associated physics, particularly permeability‐porosity relationships, if a complete model of sea ice evolution is to be obtained. Additionally, implications for terrestrial ice shelves and icy moons in the solar system are discussed.

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“…The laboratory and field measurements indicate that sea ice initially desalinates in two stages, beginning with an initial burst and then continuing to drain slowly. A similar gravity drainage parameterization has been developed simultaneously to the work presented here by Griewank and Notz [].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two modes of sea‐ice gravity drainage: A parameterization for large‐scale modeling

2013

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[1] We present a new one-dimensional parameterization of gravity drainage implemented in an all-new thermodynamic component of the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE), based on mushy layer theory. We solve a set of coupled, nonlinear equations for sea-ice temperature (enthalpy) and salinity using an implicit Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov method. Time resolved observations of gravity drainage show two modes of desalination during growth. Rapid drainage occurs in a thin region just above the ice/ocean interface, while slower drainage occurs throughout the ice. Parameterizations are designed to represent each of these modes and work simultaneously. Near the interface, desalination occurs primarily via the fast drainage, while slow drainage continues to desalinate ice above the interface. The rapid desalination is convectively driven and is parameterized based on a consideration of flow driven upward within the mush and downward in chimneys, modified by the Rayleigh number. The slow desalination is represented as a simple relaxation of bulk salinity to a value based on a critical porosity for sea-ice permeability. It is shown that these parameterizations can adequately reproduce observational data from laboratory experiments and field measurements.Citation: Turner, A. K., E. C. Hunke, and C. M. Bitz (2013), Two modes of sea-ice gravity drainage: A parameterization for large-scale modeling,

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A 1-D modelling study of Arctic sea-ice salinity

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Tracer Measurements in Growing Sea Ice Support Convective Gravity Drainage Parameterizations

Tracer Measurements in Growing Sea Ice Support Convective Gravity Drainage Parameterizations

Multiphase Reactive Transport and Platelet Ice Accretion in the Sea Ice of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Two modes of sea‐ice gravity drainage: A parameterization for large‐scale modeling

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